Alcohol And Its Effects On The United States Essay

During the time marijuana was being prohibited, so was alcohol. The government lost the war of prohibiting alcohol even though they knew the dangers it caused. Albert Einstein said, â€Å"For nothing is more destructive of respect for the government and the law of the land than passing laws which cannot be enforced† (John Vigorito 225). He then went on to say that the dangerous increase in crime is closely connected to alcohol and that it is no secret to the government. There were 3.3 million deaths in 2012 from consuming alcohol and scientific reports have found that it is â€Å"114 times more deadly than marijuana† (25). The standard amount of alcohol according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is 1.2 tablespoons of pure alcohol. Any more than the standard amount is considered binge drinking. Alcohol has benefits but also short-term and long-term effects. Alcohols short-term effects are loss of balance, impaired memory and effects emotions. It puts people at a risk for â€Å"car accidents, violence, alcohol poisoning, miscarriage or still birth† (Barney Warf 24). The long-term effects are a risk for â€Å"chronic disease, high blood pressure, heart disease, liver disease, cancer, dementia, depression, and anxiety† (Warf, 25). However, there are also benefits of drinking alcohol in moderation. It can improve your health by â€Å"lowering risk of heart failure† and â€Å"improves the immune system†, and studies have shown that it can make a person more â€Å"creative and insightful† (25).Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol On The United States Essay2463 Words   |  10 PagesPROBLEM Alcohol consumption in the United States has become a social norm and a rite of passage for a young adult who is finally turning 21. However, alcohol is use during social gatherings starting at a young age. Also, depending on environmental and social factors can an effect on what the young adults are exposed to socially and if that will influence their decision-making abilities. INTRODUCTION Alcohol has become an acceptable social norm starting at a young age. Alcohol misuse amongRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol Abuse On The United States1871 Words   |  8 Pageson excessive consumption of alcohol. According, to Healthy People, Putnam County was ranked number two in the state of Ohio for the second year in a row in alcohol consumption (Putnam County Sentinel, 2014). Approximately twenty four thousand of the thirty four thousand residents in Putnam County, Ohio are over the age of twenty one, and have access to more than one hundred and thirty establishments that serve alcohol (Ohio.gov, n. d.). Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)Read MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Health Risks Of The United States2237 Words   |  9 PagesIn the United States alone, 40 million adults are addicted to cigarettes (â€Å"Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults in the United States†), 14 million are dependent on alcohol (â€Å"Drug Addiction Statistic s – Alcoholism Statistics and Data Sources†), and 219 million people are overweight or obese (â€Å"Overweight and Obesity Statistics†). Worldwide, these statistics triple, double, and nonuple respectively. However, at least in the United States, cigarettes and alcohol are both regulated by age, so the numbersRead MoreThe Effects Of Pornography On The United States And Canada As Alcohol And Tylenol, But Should It Be?2000 Words   |  8 PagesPornogrophy is currently as legal in the United States and Canada as alcohol and tylenol, but should it be? Firstly, we must define what pornogrophy constitutes, as it can be seen as anything from a raunchy adult comedy to Penthouse Magazine. It seems as though many definitions of porogrophy use terms like that of â€Å"explicit† sex, but that is only a surface-level conclusion. Within Sociology, pornogrophy is defined, typically, in three ways: Functional, Genre, and Labelling. Functional definitionsRead MoreShould M arijuana Be Legalized?1315 Words   |  6 Pagesillicit drug in the United States; however after years of studies this drug is still illegal in almost all states while alcohol and tobacco continues to claim thousands of lives every year (n.d). Don’t get the wrong idea, this is not to persuade you into thinking that smoking weed or eating a marijuana brownie does not have its disadvantages. However the idea is to get you to understand and see that smoking marijuana is no difference than choosing to smoke tobacco or drink alcohol. Why have marijuanaRead More Alcohol Abuse Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol is the most commonly used drug in the United States. Although the consumption of alcohol by itself is not a social problem, the continuous and excessive use of alcohol can become problematic. There are four symptoms associated with alcohol dependence which are craving, loss of control, physical dependence, and tolerance. 17.6 million People, or one in every 12 adults, s uffer from alcohol abuse or dependence along with several million more who engage in risky, binge drinking patterns thatRead MoreHistory, Social Factors and Economic Impac of the Prohibition of Alcohol in the United States1490 Words   |  6 Pageseconomic impact of the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. Ken Burns and Lynn Novick (2011) delve into the topic of alcohol in America in their documentary Prohibition, and this paper will discuss the events before, during, and after the prohibition of alcohol in the United States. This paper will also relate the prohibition of alcohol to the current drug policies of cocaine in the United States. Alcohol and cocaine were both prohibited in the United States in the early 1900’s. Cocaine wasRead MoreWhy Alcohol Should Be Illegal1319 Words   |  6 PagesClarkson English Composition 111, Period 1 13 May 2015 Why Alcohol Should be Illegal The legalization of alcohol has been an immense controversy in America since the early twentieth century. Alcohol use can come with dangerous consequences because of the way it can alter the human brain and damage health. I believe that the longevity and quality of life for Americans would greatly improve if the production and sale of alcohol was made illegal. Alcohol consumption causes problems in relationships, car accidentsRead MoreAlcoholism And Hypertension : The Rising Concerns Of National And Global Health Essay1452 Words   |  6 Pages Alcohol and hypertension are two rising concerns in national and global health. According to the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2014), 56.9% of adults in the United States have participated in drinking in the last month. Furthermore, 24.7% adults reported to participating in heavy or binge drinking. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that in 2012, 3.3 million deaths or 5.9% of all global deaths were linked to alcohol consumption and within the United StatesRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1638 Words   |  7 PagesLegalized in the United States In 1920 when alcohol prohibition began the war against cannabis had been going strong for a decade. In 1910 the Mexican Revolution created a surplus of Mexican immigrants in the United States; American citizens were frightened by the Mexican culture, including their recreational use of cannabis (Marijuana Legalization, 2015, para 7). Politicians continued to use fear and racism to grow disapproval and hatred of cannabis. Beginning in 1915 twenty-nine states passed the

Below the Line Sales Promotion Free Essays

BTL sales promotion is an immediate or delayed incentive to purchase, expressed in cash or in kind, and having short duration. It is efficient and cost-effective for targeting a limited and specific group. It uses less conventional methods than the usual ATL channels of advertising, typically focusing on direct means of communication, most commonly direct mail and e-mail, often using highly targeted lists of names to maximize response rates. We will write a custom essay sample on Below the Line Sales Promotion or any similar topic only for you Order Now BTL services may include those for which a fee is agreed upon and charged up front. BTL is a common technique used for â€Å"touch and feel† products (consumer items where the customer will rely on immediate information rather than previously researched items). BTL techniques ensures recall of the brand while at the same time highlighting the features of the product. Another BTL technique involves sales personnel deployed at retail stores near targeted products. This technique may be used to generate trials of newly launched products. It helps marketers establish one-to-one relationship with consumers while mass promotions, by definition, make it difficult to gauge consumer-response, except at the time of sales. Examples include tele-marketing, road shows, promotions, in- shop and shop-front activities, display units. The terms â€Å"below the line† promotion or communications, refers to forms of non-media communication, even non-media advertising. Below the line promotions are becoming increasingly important within the communications mix of many companies, not only those involved in FMCG products, but also for industrial goods. Below the line sales promotions are short-term incentives, largely aimed at consumers. With the increasing pressure on the marketing team to achieve communication objectives more efficiently in a limited budget, there has been a need to find out more effective and cost efficient ways to communicate with the target markets. This has led to a shift from the regular media based advertising. In other words, below-the-line sales promotion is an immediate or delayed incentive to purchase, expressed in cash or in kind, and having only a short term or temporary duration. Below the Line uses less conventional methods than the usual specific channels of advertising to promote products, services, etc. than Above the Line strategies. These may include activities such as direct mail, public relations and sales promotions for which a fee is agreed upon and charged up front. Below the line advertising typically focuses on direct means of communication often using highly targeted lists of names to maximize response rates. Trained sales personnel, often young women, are deployed at Retail Stores, near the shelves of targeted products. These young women convince customers visiting these shelves about the better aspects of their brand compared with others. This is ideal for new launches as it generates trials, which if successful result in repeat sales. In addition, above the line is much more effective when the target group is very large and difficult to define. But if the target group is limited and specific, it is always advisable to use BTL promotions for efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Say, for example, if a pen manufacturer is going to promote its product, it may take the ATL route, but if a company manufactures computer UPS, it will certainly take the BTL route, as the target group is very limited and specific. More recently, agencies and clients have switched to an ‘Integrated Communication Approach. ‘ How to cite Below the Line Sales Promotion, Papers

Social Network Structure on Enterprise Systems †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Social Network Structure on Enterprise Systems. Answer: Introduction: This is an age of technology based business (Da Xu, 2011). Use of IT systems in the business has not only helped companies in increasing their smoothness of work but also helped in increasing the efficiency of the firm. There are many kinds of enterprise system that is available in the market that helps the companies in managing their various operations. The use of different type of enterprise systems depends on the operations that are performed inside the unit. These systems help in improving the performance of the firm. Adoption of any enterprise system requires some kind of organisational change management. This is due to the reason that there are many resistive factors that inhibits its successful implementation. This report highlights the contribution of enterprise system on the organisational performance as well as the ways in which this contribution can be measured. It also reflects about the principle drivers behind business adopting a supply chain management system. It also reflects the considerations related to organisational change management that is necessary for the adoption of enterprise system. Enterprise system contributes to the organisational performance in many ways (Bi, Da Xu and Wang, 2014). It can be understood in the way that enterprise systems helps in brining smoothness and efficiency to the work process which is major attributes of organisational performance. Some of the ways in which enterprise system enhances organisational performance are as follows: Data management: One of the most important way in which enterprise systems contributes is that it helps in managing the data that is produced in various operations at various units. These data can be recalled at the required time for the process of decision making (Salleh, Teoh and Chan, 2012). It helps in making the decisions that are more specific as well as more reasonable and based on facts. Better decisions always help in enhancing the organisational performance. Automating customer service process for employees: Systems like ERP helps in streamlining their customer service experience (asidharan, et al., 2012). This automation helps in streamlining all the back end operations so that a constant service can be given to the consumers. This results in increasing the organisational performance. Scaling the resources: It helps various companies in scaling their resources up and down as per the requirement of the firm at any time (Kim, 2011). This helps in making sure that a firm can utilise its resources for the longer time and as per the requirement which is necessary for increasing the organisational performance. This also reduces the cost on the purchase of IT hardware as internet based enterprise systems like cloud computing is helpful for managing the data of the company without extensive cost. Standardisation of process: This system helps in maintaining the standards for any procedures which helps in producing products and services of best quality (Themistocleous, Soja and da Cunha, 2011). This is necessary for achieving higher employee satisfaction and hence enhances the organisation performance of the company. Improving supply chain management: One of the major factors that enhance the organisational performance of the company is when its supply chain management gets improved (Linington, et al., 2011). Enterprise system helps in streamlining the supply chain management in the large part is through the use of data about how, where and when consumers orders and suppliers deliver. This helps in making sure that products are delivered to the consumers more reliably that too at the lower cost. There are several ways in which this contribution can be measured. It can be done by the use of performance metrics. There are several metrics that can be used for measuring the contribution. Evaluating the previous and next values of these metrics one can understand the contribution it has made (Weichhart, et al., 2016). The increase in the values can be easily measured. Apart from this it can also be seen that the number of errors in the processes also gets reduced. The inconsistency can be seen to be removed. Return on investments can be useful in this regards. Some of the other measures: Higher sales Higher repeat sales Higher sales conversion rates Higher customer retention rates A better public image On-time completion Output production Effectiveness of network performance Principle drivers behind businesses adopting supply chain management system Supply chain management system has become very important part of the modern day business (Trinh-Phuong, Molla and Peszynski, 2012). This is due to the reasons that it helps in fulfilling the demands of the consumers. With the use of this system company can make better relation with their consumers as it helps in fulfilling the demands of the consumers on time. There are some of the drivers behind the businesses adopting supply chain management. Reduction in cost: With the use of the Supply chain management system a company can assure the quality of the products they are delivering. This is due to the fact that this system helps in predicting the ways in which a good delivery can be made. Measuring demands: Other major driver for business that forces them to adopt supply chain management system is that it helps in predicting the demands of the products which is necessary for fulfilling the demands of the consumers at the required time. Inventory buffer: It also helps in bringing flexibility in the storage of the products (Vakalfotis, Ballantine and Wall, 2013). As there is continuously variability in the consumers spending, firms are required to manage their inventories at the minimum cost while ensuring that consumers demands are fulfilled at the required time. This prediction is made by evaluating the data that is stored in the system in their previous operations. Low cost shipping: Since there are many ways in which consumers order products. It can be in both the ways i.e. direct from the outlets or from online stores. In case of the online order Supply chain management system helps the company to predict the path through which shipping cost will be least (Panetto, et al., 2016). This system readjusts the supply chain in such a manner that customer preferences can be met. Emerging risk in business: Amount of risk in the business is increasing at very faster rate. This has forced the firms to adopt supply chain management system as this system allows determining the critical risk factor in the firm or with their suppliers. Risks are calculated in terms of quality of products, compliances with applicable laws or safety related to operations (Sedera, et al., 2016). Without this system many companies can be exposed to many kinds of legal risks and liabilities. Organisational change management considerations necessary for successful adoption of an enterprise system In order to ensure that enterprise system contributes to the performance of the firm. Every company needs to make sure that they have adopted change management consideration for successful implementation of enterprise system. Some of the considerations are as follows: Training: This is most important aspect of organisational change management that every firm must check before implementing enterprise system. It is essential that employees have the training of how to take use of the enterprise system for their operations (Mathrani, et al., 2012). It is a transition from manual methods of managing operations to automatic mediums and hence a serious of raining is required. It is considered that the training must be done as soon as the plan for the implementation is made so that there must be no chaos at the last time. Communication: This consideration of organisational transformation is also highly necessary. An effective communication in an organisation helps in removing the confusion that is present in the minds of stakeholders. Most of the consumers are highly resistive towards the changes from manual methods of operations to automatic system and hence a proper communication is required to eliminate any false estimation. This will also help consumers in telling the reason why such changes are required. Employee engagement: It is also necessary that while making such kind of system implementation employee engagement must be ensured (Schubert and William, 2012). In the various units employees must be engaged in the process like in calculating the cost of implementation, understanding the complexities of the systems etc. Cultural concerns: There are people from different cultural backgrounds and hence it becomes difficult for the companies to satisfy all of them while making any such transformations. This is also due to the fact that every employee has their personal perspective towards any such changes especially in terms of risks involved, benefits of these systems, goal of implementation etc. Leadership approach: It depends on the leadership approach that how the system can be implemented. It is also measured in terms of how much ready a leadership is for facing the consequences of the transformation. There will be requirement of heavy investments which must be provided by the leaders from time to time. For successful adoption leaders needs to motivate their staffs by clarifying the goals for which this transformation is made. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that there are enterprise system has a very major role in the modern day business. It not helps in increasing the speed of the operations but also helps in removing the flaws that are present operational mechanism. It has a very major role in the improving the organisational performance of the company. There are some of the metrics like ROI that can be used for measuring the contribution of enterprise system in enhancing the performance of the organisation. There are few of the drivers that is playing role behind businesses adopting supply chain management systems. Apart from this there are several organisational change management considerations that is necessary for successful adoption of enterprise system. References Bi, Z., Da Xu, L. and Wang, C., (2014) Internet of things for enterprise systems of modern manufacturing.IEEE Transactions on industrial informatics,10(2), pp.1537-1546. Da Xu, L., (2011) Enterprise systems: state-of-the-art and future trends.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,7(4), pp.630-640. Kim, H.W., (2011) The effects of switching costs on user resistance to enterprise systems implementation.IEEE Transactions on Engineering management,58(3), pp.471-482. Linington, P.F., Milosevic, Z., Tanaka, A. and Vallecillo, A., (2011)Building enterprise systems with ODP: an introduction to open distributed processing. CRC Press. Mathrani, S. and Mathrani, A., (2013) Utilizing enterprise systems for managing enterprise risks.Computers in Industry,64(4), pp.476-483. Panetto, H., Zdravkovic, M., Jardim-Goncalves, R., Romero, D., Cecil, J. and Mezgr, I., (2016) New perspectives for the future interoperable enterprise systems.Computers in Industry,79, pp.47-63. Salleh, S.M., Teoh, S.Y. and Chan, C., (2012) July. Cloud Enterprise Systems: A Review Of Literature And Its Adoption. InPACIS(p. 76). Sasidharan, S., Santhanam, R., Brass, D.J. and Sambamurthy, V., (2012) The effects of social network structure on enterprise systems success: A longitudinal multilevel analysis.Information Systems Research,23(3-part-1), pp.658-678. Sedera, D., Lokuge, S., Grover, V., Sarker, S. and Sarker, S., (2016) Innovating with enterprise systems and digital platforms: A contingent resource-based theory view.Information Management,53(3), pp.366-379. Themistocleous, M., Soja, P. and da Cunha, P.R., (2011) The same, but different: enterprise systems adoption lifecycles in transition economies.Information Systems Management,28(3), pp.223-239. Trinh-Phuong, T., Molla, A. and Peszynski, K., (2012) Enterprise Systems and Organizational Agility: A Review of the Literature and Conceptual Framework.Communications of the Association for Information Systems,31. Schubert, P. and William, S.P. (2012) Benefits of enterprise system use. [Online]. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224123317_Benefits_of_Enterprise_Systems_Use . [Accessed on: 29th March 2018]. Vakalfotis, N., Ballantine, J. and Wall, A.P., (2013) A literature review on the impact of enterprise systems on management accounting. Weichhart, G., Molina, A., Chen, D., Whitman, L.E. and Vernadat, F., (2016) Challenges and current developments for sensing, smart and sustainable enterprise systems.Computers in Industry,79, pp.34-46.

Internet Addiction Cause and Effect Essay Example

Internet Addiction Cause and Effect Essay There has been a big percentage of people spending their time on the internet rather than spending time with their family, or friends. Internet use has been categorized as an actual disorder, and has been termed Internet Addiction because of its similarity to addictions like smoking, drinking, and watching too much TV. There are several reasons and causes why people get addicted to the internet; boredom, loneliness, online TV, social networks, etc. They could be lonely in the way that theyre the only child, or they have no friends due to being home schooled, so they waste their time on the internet. Or they could just be bored; they could be home alone, or it could be raining outside, and they cant go out, so they stay in and surf the web. There are also a lot of social networks online like chat rooms, Facebook, Twitter, MSN, and more. People enter social networks to meet new people, and get into virtual online relationships. Entering social networks can also relate to loneliness sometimes. Spending too much time on the internet can affect you very much. It can interfere with your social life, the addiction can lead to the inability to communicate in the real world, and your family bonding. You could have mixed feelings of guilt while at the computer, and it can also distract you from your work/school related work. And because of the lack of exercise and movement, obesity is a huge symptom. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Addiction Cause and Effect specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Addiction Cause and Effect specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Addiction Cause and Effect specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To some people, when you are not on the computer, you think about it frequently and anticipate when you will use it again. I suppose that if anyone is too addicted to the internet, they should maybe set an alarm clock for only 1-2 hours, to lessen their addiction. Or they could talk to their mothers, or guardians about it, or maybe get a therapist for some help, and try their best to think of all of the effects that could happen to them, and try to stop.

Green Sheet 3 Cells the Living Units Essay

Green Sheet 3 Cells the Living Units Essay Green Sheet 3 Cells the Living Units Essay Cells: The Living Units Cellular Basis of Life 1. A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. They range from single-celled â€Å"generalists†, like amoebas, to complex multi-cellular organisms such as humans. 2. The majority of cells consist of the same general parts. A generalized cell consists of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm. The membrane separates a cell from its surroundings and decides what comes in or out of the cell. The nucleus determines a cell’s basic function and structure. The cytoplasm, which separates the nucleus and membrane, holds organelles which perform certain tasks for the benefit of the cell as a whole. The Plasma Membrane: Structure 3. The fluid mosaic model of a membrane is structured in a way that allows the diffusion of proteins and lipids. 4. The plasma membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids. The membrane has many proteins embedded within it, which allow the passage of certain things into and out-of the cell. The hydrophilic (water loving) heads of phospholipids are on the surfaces of the membrane with their hydrophobic (water fearing) tails stay sheathed within. The Plasma Membrane: Functions 5. In passive transport a membrane is permeated by carriers, channels, or direct diffusion. Secondary active transport requires ATP, the cell’s energy, to perform tasks such as the sodium-potassium pump. 6. Simple diffusion is the act of substances passing through a membrane without the aid of an agent, like the embedded membrane protein, to drive it though. Facilitated diffusion occurs only with the aid of proteins. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a higher solute concentration. During filtration, solid particles are separated from the fluid which they are suspended in through a porous membrane. 7. Primary active transport uses direct energy to transport molecules across a membrane. An example of this type of direct activity is the sodium-potassium pump. In contrast to primary active transport, secondary active transport does not directly use ATP, and instead the cell pumps out ions 8. Ve sicular transport is an active process in which materials move into or out of the cell enclosed as vesicles. There are two basic types of vesicular transport: endocytosis and exocytosis. Endocytosis involves the cell bringing materials into itself by enveloping them. Exocytosis involves the cell sending out materials. 9. Membrane potential is created the difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a cell. This difference is created by the concentration of extracellular sodium and intracellular potassium. It is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump which pumps out excess potassium. 10. Cell adhesion molecules are proteins located on the cell surface with the purpose to bind to other cells. Cell receptors are composed of two or more protein subunits, which take part in communicating between the cell and the outside world. The Cytoplasm 11. The cytoplasm is the fluid substance within the cell membrane that contains the cell’s organelles except for the nucleus. Organelles have specific functions. Some major organelles are the mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and chloroplasts. 12. Certain cells have more of a certain type of organelle than the average cell. This is due to the conditions said cell may undergo. For example, cells of the liver, which detoxifies drugs, have higher amounts of peroxisomes. The Nucleus 13. The nucleus contains a cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA. Its function is to maintain these genes and control the cell’s activities. The nuclear envelope completely encloses the nucleus and separates the cell’s genetic material from the surrounding cytoplasm. The nucleolus of a cell

How To Use Indefinite Articles Un and Una in Spanish

How To Use Indefinite Articles Un and Una in Spanish If you listen to oldies music, you may recall one of the sentences of a popular Spanish-language dance tune: Yo no soy marinero, soy capitn, soy capitn. Translated, that would be, I am not a mariner, I am a captain, I am a captain. That sentence indicates one of the differences between Spanish and English. Although English requires the word a before mariner and captain, Spanish doesnt require an equivalent word, which in this case would be un. Un and Una Classified as Indefinite Articles A and an are known to grammarians as indefinite articles, and the Spanish equivalents are un (used before masculine nouns and noun phrases) and una (feminine). Using the Spanish indefinite articles when they arent needed is one of the pitfalls for many beginning Spanish students. Say no soy un marinero, soy un capitn, and it would sound as awkward (and improper) as one possible translation into English: I am not one mariner, I am one captain. Generally speaking, whenever you use un or una in Spanish, you need to use a or an to say the equivalent in English. But the reverse isnt true. The appearance is that Spanish frequently omits the indefinite articles. Omitting Articles With Ser Dont use the indefinite article before an unmodified noun after a form of ser (to be), especially in reference to occupation, religion, affiliation, or social status. Normally, if the noun is modified, the article should be used: Soy profesor. (I am a teacher.)Él es un buen dentista. (He is a good dentist. Here, dentista is modified by buen.) ¿Eres catà ³lica? - No, soy una metodista feliz. (Are you a Catholic? No, Im a happy Methodist. Metodista is modified by feliz, but the unmodified catà ³lica stands alone.)Es artista. (She is an artist.)Es una artista que muere de hambre. (She is a starving artist.) Omitting Articles With Otro A common mistake made by English speakers is to use un otro or una otra for another. Otro/otra stands by itself. Quisiera otra taza. (I would like another cup.)Comprà ³ otro coche. (She bought another car.)Quiero viajar a otra ciudad chilena. (I want to visit another Chilean city.) Omitting Articles With Certain Large Numbers The numbers mil (1,000) and cien (100) do not need the article. Mil and cien already refer to one thousand and one hundred, respectively. Gana mil dà ³lares por mes. (He earns a thousand dollars per month.)Tiene cien aà ±os. (She is a hundred years old.)Hay mil maneras de cambiar el mundo. (There are a thousand ways to change the world.) Omitting Articles In Exclamations Using Que In exclamations such as  ¡Quà © sorpresa! (What a surprise!), theres no need to put anything between the que and the following noun.  ¡Quà © lstima! (What a shame!) ¡Quà © casa! (What a house!) ¡Quà © diferencia hace un dà ­a! (What a difference a day makes!) Omitting Articles With Some Prepositions After sin (without), the article is usually omitted unless the speaker is emphasizing the utter lack of something: Escribe sin ordenador. (He writes without a computer.)La ciudad tendr un mximo de 30 grados sin posibilidad de lluvia. (The city will have a high of 30 degrees without a possibility of rain.)La cantante compartià ³ fotos sin una gota de maquillaje. (The singer shared photos of herself without a single touch of makeup. It would be grammatically correct to leave out the una, but its inclusion puts emphasis on the utter lack of makeup.) The article is usually omitted after con (with) when con has a meaning similar to English words or phrases such as wearing or equipped with. When con can be translated as using, the article is typically omitted if the object is being used in an ordinary way. El bebà © come con cuchara. (The baby eats with a spoon. This is the ordinary use for a spoon, while the use in the next sentence isnt.)El preso se escapà ³ de la crcel con una cuchara. (The prisoner escaped from the jail with a spoon.)Vestir con zapato plano y obtener un resultado de 10 es posible. (Dressing with flat shoes and getting a 10 is possible. Contrast this sentence with the following example, where the shoe isnt being worn.)Sà © como abrir una botella con una zapato. (I know how to open a bottle with a shoe.) Omitting Articles After Certain Verbs The article is frequently omitted after forms of tener (to have), comprar (to buy), llevar (to wear), and some other verbs when generically referring to things that people would normally have or use one at a time. No tengo coche. (I dont have a car.)Lleva camisa. (He is wearing a shirt.)Vamos a comprar casa. (Were going to buy a house.) ¿Tiene madre? (Does he have a mother?) Including the Indefinite Article When English Doesn’t Finally, there is one case where we dont use the indefinite article in English where its needed in Spanish. In a series of two or more words joined by and, we often leave out the a or an, but when using y in Spanish the un or una is used to avoid ambiguity. In English we might say a cat and dog, for example, but in Spanish it must be un gato y un perro. Without the second un, the phrase would be understood as referring to one creature, a cross between a cat and dog. Note the distinction in these sentences: Conozco a un artista y un dentista. (I know an artist and I know a dentist.)Conozco a un artista y dentista. (I know a dentist who is also an artist.) Key Takeaways Although un and una are the equivalent of one, they are often better translated as a or an.Most of the time that Spanish uses un or una before a noun, the corresponding English sentence can be translated using a or an.The opposite, however, is not always true, as there are many times that an a or an is left untranslated in Spanish.

Significance of the Ecosystem Services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Significance of the Ecosystem Services - Essay Example These are economic decisions and depend on both the implicit and explicit societal values. In this article, I will give examples of ecosystem services, biodiversity concepts and how the ecosystem is considered from economics, ethics and science points of view. Examples of ecosystem services include regulation of climate. This is one of the most significant services of the ecosystem on a worldwide and European scale. European ecosystem functions as a significant role in the regulation of climate because the terrestrial ecosystem in Europe resembles a carbon sink in approximately 12 percent of the carbon emissions that humans emit to the atmosphere. Another example of ecosystem service is the purification of water. Both the soil organisms and vegetation have profound effects on improvements of water. Vegetation is a critical factor that helps in control of floods. Wetlands and forests often offer water at a lower cost compared to manmade facilities such as water treatment plants. Anoth er example of ecosystem services is the regulation of pests and diseases (Wilson 17). This occurs because of the actions of parasites and predators and also defense mechanisms of their prey. One example of this control of pests and diseases is the offered by insectivorous birds that are available in the farmlands. Biodiversity concepts refer to variability and variety of living organisms. Biodiversity is significant in the functioning of the ecological systems. Ecosystem services represent the ecological process that humans may benefit. These processes function on an infinite number of scales. A number of ecosystem services ensure that their productivity in agriculture, including pollination, soil formation and pest control (Wilson 34). Biodiversity concepts may include diseases and pests control. Predators that prey on the parasites and insects control plant diseases.

Critical evaluation and incorporation of change management tools for Essay - 1

Critical evaluation and incorporation of change management tools for Kiribati - Essay Example An acute managerial crisis may be implicated in the observed multi-perspective problems of Kiribati. Kiribati, therefore, serves as an ideal case study on emphasising the role of management in realizing the development of a particular state or people. A proper analysis of the problems facing this state and their possible solutions is a milestone in management. Some problems facing Kiribati includes; (Goldberg, 2013). Infrastructure is of great concern in Kiribati. There is only one road passing through Kiribati and the name of the road is unknown. Also, the available airstrip is poorly developed and very dusty. The airport is serving as children’s playground as children run after the landing plane. Poor infrastructure has limited access to the rest of Kiribati and hence low exploitation of its resources. Other infrastructure such as electricity is not mentioned, implying that the state might be experiencing no real economic growth. Industrialization in such a setup is a real mystery. Poor infrastructure in Kiribati has closed the region to the rest of the world as there is limited access to the region and its resources (Goldberg, 2013). Ecoterrorism is a term coined by Kiribati President Anote Tong.It refers to gradual and progressive advancement of Pacific Ocean water to the island. The president notes that there is an estimated 3mm rise in ocean water per year. Kiribati Island is therefore referred to as the drowning island. The ecoterrorism, therefore, puts the president in a great dilemma. On one hand, the president has a responsibility of attracting foreign investors. On the other hand, he has a to devise a plan on how to move the I-Kiribati to a safer destination to protect them from future drowning. Very few investors apart from the fishing company can accept investing in such a place. The I-Kiribati lives in great fear of the ocean. The ecoterrorism forms one of the worst problems to Kiribati (Goldberg, 2013). Kiribati is faced

Dowry system in india Essay Example for Free

Dowry system in india Essay Dowry is derived from the ancient Hindu customs of ‘kanyadan’ and ‘stridhan’. In ‘kanyadan’, the father of the bride offers the father of the groom money or property, etc whereas for ‘stridhan’, the bride herself gets jewelry and clothes at the time of her marriage, usually from her relatives or friends. In Varadakshina’, the father of the bride presents the groom cash or kind. All of these could be done voluntarily and out of affection and love. The Hindu marriage system is sacramental. According to this system, a marriage is forever and there is no scope for a separation. Among the various ceremonies previously practiced, the ceremony in front of a ‘godly’ fire (‘Yajna’ in Sanskrit) has taken over, the old-fashioned system of marrying a wife by capture. This form of marriage began the practice of dowry, where originally, the family of the bride would accept gifts and money from the groom’s family as an alternative to bloodshed during the capture of the bride. A later modification of this system has paved way for the present dowry system primarily practiced by the society. The dowry custom continues to rule our society. In majority of Indian families, the boy has legacy rights, while the girl is given a large sum at the time of her marriage in lieu of the government regulated equal rights for girls in parental property. Thus, dowry system has spread in almost all parts of the country and sections of society. There are several reasons for the occurrence of the dowry system, but the main one is that it is a necessary precondition for marriage. ‘No dowry, no marriage’ is a widespread fear. There has also been an appearance of a feudal mindset with a materialistic attitude in a new globalised economy. The price tag for the groom is now bigger and bolder. The emergence of an affluent middle class, the torchbearer of social change in modern India, is the main factor for the continuation of the dowry system. Families arrange most marriages, and a man who does not marry for love; he can marry for wealth. For this man and his family, a woman becomes the ticket to shortcut riches through the system of dowry. There are a number of things people desire to have in their own houses but cannot afford; they use the opportunity of a son’s marriage to get them. The girl’s parents do not protest against variety, as they regard the union as a stepping-stone towards higher social status and better matches for the remaining children. Dowry as a phenomenon has gone beyond the ritual of marriage. Pregnancy, childbirth and all kinds of religious and family functions are occasions when such demands are made. A more sophisticated public image of an extended gifting session has replaced the old system. Now there is demand for receptions in marriage places. The trousseau includes designer wear for the bride and groom’s family. Chefs are flown in for multi-cuisine wedding dinners. The bride’s family usually pays for all this. The rich revel in the exchange of their black money, but this in turn exerts pressure on the other classes to ape them with serious social consequences. The women have become a kind of commodity. It is them who are the worst sufferers because dowry is most often a monetary agreement between two men – the bride’s father and the groom. Caste-based practices have only added fuel to the fire. Marriages in political families are arranged to consolidate the caste base for support in electoral politics, so they do not challenge the dowry system. Dowry rituals have now spread even to communities where they were unknown. It has gone to different castes, crossed the boundaries of provinces and education and religion. Muslims and Christians, such as the Syrian Christians of Kerala and the Roman Catholics of Mangalore have started demanding dowry. Official statistics show a steady rise in dowry crimes. More and more women are killed every year in India for dowry. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh still record the maximum number of dowry crimes, but Bangalore, India’s fastest growing city also shows an alarming rise – four women reportedly die every day because of dowry harassment and domestic violence. The cases of dowry torture are the highest accounting for 32.4% of crimes against women in the country. The Dowry Prohibition Act, in force since 1st July 1961, was passed with the purpose of prohibiting the demanding, giving and taking of dowry. In 1980, the Government setup a committee that recommended amendments in the Dowry Prohibition Act and also suggested expanding the definition of dowry and instituting family courts and National Commission for women. Many parliamentary debates led to some amendments in 1983,1984 and 1986. To stop the offences of cruelty by husband or his relatives on the wife, Section 498-A was added in the Indian Penal Code and Section 198-A in the Criminal Procedure Code in the year 1983. The Dowry Prohibition Act clearly stipulates that a person who gives or takes or helps in the giving or taking of dowry can be sentenced to jail for 5 years and fined Rs. 15,000/- or the amount of the value of dowry, whichever is more. The Act also prohibits the giving and taking directly or indirectly any property or valuable security, any amount either in cash of kind, jewelry, articles, properties, etc. in respect of a marriage. The control is provided by stating a limit and names of people gifting and their relationship to the married couple to be signed by both sides of parents. In 1986, the Act was amended again, empowering State governments to appoint Dowry Prohibition Officers, who not only had a preventive role but also had powers to collect evidence against people who took dowry. Despite protest by women’s organisations, serious activism, legal amendments, special police cells for women, media support and heightened awareness of dowry being a crime, the practice continues unabated on a massive scale. Despite every stigma, dowry continues to be the signature of marriage. Women need real social, political, financial and moral support in their fight against the system. They have to be empowered so that they can take their decisions about their own life by refusing the dowry system.

Essay --

Spencer Hsu Ethics in Manufacturing in China. 12/9/13 We often hear in the news how badly factory workers are treated in China. With their low wages, constant overtime, and hazardous work environments (Luk, 2013), it's simple to think that the factory owners are ruthless pigs. Even though conditions are far from perfect, western media have been attacking foreign practices for decades. American companies have mostly been trying to hide from the spotlight blaming the poor outsourced conditions on the foreign companies. The HBR case (Eccles, 2011) shows the challenges Foxconn had faced ever since news broke out about the conditions within the factory. Nevertheless, I wanted to take on the challenge in explaining China’s factory situation. I want to take a different angle about this as I personally know factory workers in China and how crucial it is to have this kind of work in their communities. China is a booming country. With annual GDP growth of over 7.4%, this is a number western countries can only dream of. Every so often there is a news report that hits the wire talking about factory conditions in China. The one that gets focused the most is Foxconn (Hon Hai). Foxconn is the largest and most dominant factory group in the world assembling electronics for global companies including Apple, HP, Dell, and many more. They are publicized as the bad guy every so often and even though they are not perfect, they have made significant improvements once word got out what they were doing to their employees. I could've easily wrote a paper about Hon Hai’s business practices and that it isn't ethical for American companies to outsource to dirt cheap labor with harsh conditions, but that would all be from the naive American eye. Opinions great... ...f a tremendous opportunity this is to that community. Local city governments all over the world fight for companies to create jobs in their district. Because of this intense competition of jobs, they will do whatever it takes to get that factory work there. In the end, the losers aren't American companies or the Chinese people in the factories, it's the original western country factory workers that had lost their jobs and now their city has changed forever. When you have millions of people overseas competing with you for your job willing to work at less than 1/10th of your salary, you better be 10x better than that person. Welcome to the new global economy. Appendix 1) Lorraine Luk (2013). Foxconn Admits to Labor Violations at Factory, WSJ. 2) Robert G. Eccles, George Serafeim, Beiting Cheng (2011). Foxconn Technology Group. HBR, Prod. #: 112002-PDF-ENG

Isobelle Carmody’s “The Gathering” Essay

The book â€Å"The Gathering† by Isobelle Carmody explored the theme of â€Å"Good VS Evil† in such an intricate manner that every aspect of the text, the characters, themes and her own message portrayal, all become involved. This means that the reader can understand the plot of the book, and will be able to clearly read the message being revealed by the three main aspects of it. Other minor things, such as the title of the book itself, contribute to the feelings of the reader, all of which are designed by Carmody to make the book exactly what it is. By using the characters to develop the readers understanding of â€Å"Good VS Evil†, the themes to allow the reader to grasp the message being sent by Carmody and her style of writing, and the purpose of Carmody’s presence in the text itself, â€Å"The Gathering† has proven to be one of the most fascinating book of its kind. The characters in the book â€Å"The Gathering† help us to grasp the message which is being sent by the author, that is, â€Å"Good VS Evil†. Nathanial (Nat) Delaney, who stars in the novel as the main character, depicts the image of the good character. One who has found his place, and has managed to establish himself as a crucial role in the development of his own life, and that of those around him. In the fight against the current Kraken, Nathanial, as a character in the text, has helped the reader understand who the people around him are fighting for, whether it is good or evil. His relation to the book outside the Chain would be very minimal, as most of the text’s relation to him is connected in some manner. His study on Anna Galway as a veteran of Cheshunt exposed the truth about her past, that is, that she was part of a previous Chain, one which failed to do its job. Carmody uses these â€Å"two separate† issues in Nathanial’s life to create a feeling of hope and understanding, but also confusion, as to why that Chain had failed. The characters around Nathanial, although star a very important role in the progression of the story, are not focused on in the same way as that of Nathanial, and therefore are only know through the Chain. They, being Nissa, Indian, Nathanial, Danny and Seth, all relate to the â€Å"Good† side of the story, and the true meaning of being â€Å"Good† is developed in a very intriguing way by Carmody. The use of making these main characters â€Å"Good† rather than â€Å"Evil† creates a connection between the reader and the text. When this connection is made, through a series of hardships and moments  which make the reader realize just what role they are playing in the plot, the reader then begins to feel the same things as are being described by Carmody, the emotions, the desire for everything to turn for the better. The â€Å"Evil† side of the book â€Å"The Gathering† is also shone through the characters, particularly those fighting against what the reader and the Chain desire. While there is â€Å"Evil† present in a physical way through characters like Mr. Karle and Buddha, â€Å"Then the Kraken stepped forward and slapped her across the face. A trickle of dark blood ran from the corner of her mouth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  , â€Å"The match landed on his tail and flames swept forward up over him.† , there is still an ever strong emotional, physiological evil. For example, when the final fight between â€Å"Good† and â€Å"Evil† was set up at the abattoir, Mr. Karle uses his advantage of knowing each of the members of the Chain’s mental weakness. By picking at their weaknesses, the reader feels the sympathy and sorrow felt amongst the characters. â€Å"(Nissa) No one could ever love such a creature except out of pity† , â€Å"(Indian) you would recognize the signs of concussive brain damage.† , â€Å"†¦ (Nathanial) her only begotten son is going the way of the father. So terribly sad. So ironic.† , â€Å"(Danny) I think you truly must have damaged your brain in that field. The dogs must have bitten into it† . This makes the reader fully understand how the â€Å"Good VS Evil† is present within the text, as they are fully taken in to the emotions of their own understanding as to what is being done by the Evil. The themes in the book â€Å"The Gathering†, namely love, friendship, suspense, and believability, allow the reader to grasp the concept of â€Å"Good VS Evil†. The theme of love is explored and expressed through the characters of Nathanial and Nissa. Nathanial, throughout the text, has started to develop a fond affection toward Nissa. Although Nathanial initially regarded her as â€Å"†¦a girl up the far side with odd spiky red hair sticking up in all directions.† ,as the story progressed, the Chain was re-created, and issue arose which (to lay to rest) depended on the support and encouragement of one another, Nathanial fell more and more in love with Nissa. This ploy by Isobelle Carmody is an attempt to create a relationship between both them as a couple, and the reader with them as a couple. The reader then feels more for the success of the side in which this couple is committed to. This  connection between reader and characters is then played on by Car mody as they face struggles, and almost an absolute failure as the Chain. Another theme in the text is friendship. This ever strong theme is present throughout the whole book, one which supports the structure and plot of the text. The friendship and trust which is needed to create and hold the Chain was immense, and was evident throughout; â€Å"†You’re not one of us† Nissa was saying to Seth.† â€Å"†Nissa, we’re the Chain,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"†The five of us make up the chain and he’s trying to break Seth away from us!†Ã¢â‚¬  . This shows that through hardship and times of struggle, friendship will bond one another together, and will prevail. Though not as clichà © as love, suspense plays the most important role in the story. Carmody uses suspense throughout the story, specifically when the text is nearing a rise in tension, a chapter conclusion, or a climax. This is so that when the reader has reached any of these points in the text, they do not want to put it down because there is a hook, te lling the reader that more information will be revealed, or leaving them on a â€Å"cliff-hanger†. Suspense is also used in the description of important scenes in the plotline. To do this, Carmody would, momentarily, leave the dialogue to give a description of the surroundings, or such, so that the reader can grasp the importance, or the feeling trying to be sent by her. â€Å"It was a grim joke, considering why I had come. She hummed to herself as she emptied the blackberries into a double boiler.† This shows us how something so irrelevant, as blackberries, can give an effect, and the effect in said situation was the fact that she was just an old woman, a genuine person. The last, but as important as all other themes, is believability. Carmody uses the technique of believability to connect the reader to the text, so that we feel what the characters are feeling, and we feel for them. She does this by making the reader understand the position they are in, and how each character depends on one another. Also, by influencing the reader to love the â€Å"Good† characters of the text, there is then a vile hatred for that that is evil, as with the characters. The contrast is then able to become more evident, between â€Å"Good VS Evil†. Throughout the book â€Å"The Gathering† by Isobelle Carmody has proven to explore the theme â€Å"Good VS Evil† in a very detailed manner, that is, by using things like the themes, characters, and Carmody’s own message, which seeps into the  text all through the story. This is the message of â€Å"Good VS Evil†, it is the message of the superior themes within the story, which help dictate everything from emotion to decisions. The text â€Å"The Gathering† by Isobelle Carmody has, in no doubt, managed to explore and enlighten the reader of the theme, â€Å"Good VS Evil†.

Personal Career Development Plan Essay

My nursing career started as a dream, a dream I needed to fulfill as my destiny. A childhood dream never diminishes no matter the time that may pass. My story isn’t one of great inspiration but means a great deal to me. I received an Associate degree in nursing May, 2004. That was a goal that I worked for while caring for a family with three small children. It wasn’t easy but something worth having is worth working for. The dream continues. Continuing my education is the next step in obtaining that lifelong passion. Short- term goals help you make big changes. In order to visualize your long-term goals leading to eventual success, you must first tackle the multitude of immediate realistic tasks right before you. Lao-Tzu, the Chinese philosopher said, â€Å"The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step†. My short- term goal is to obtain a Bachelor’s degree in nursing by May, 2015. I have broken down that short-term goal into a smaller target to hit to obtain my initial short-term goal. The smaller target is to work towards my BSN one term at a time. When one thinks of doing something for simply eight weeks, it seems more realistic. Long-term goals are the â€Å"big picture† of what you want to do with your life in the distant future. They are usually at least several years away. Setting long-term goals are important for a successful career. My long-term goal is to be a Pediatric Nurse Practitioner by late 2018. My selected mentor is Jerry Martin RN, BSN. He is a co-worker that has inspired me to return to school and that any dream is obtainable. Jerry has a degree in biology and was working as a ward clerk in our ER when I met him. He has a degree in biology and worked in finance before working at the hospital. Jerry states† I was unhappy with my career in finance and I realized I had drifted a long way from my education and my core belief. During a conference a guest speaker said â€Å"true happiness is found when you find the one thing you would do in life even if you did not get paid for it†. That was my â€Å"aha† moment.† G.M. Martin (personal communication, September 3,2013) Jerry entered nursing school in 2006 and graduated with a BSN in 2011. He is currently working toward a MSN and striving to be a FNP. He is a great nurse and it is a privilege to have him as a co-worker and my mentor. After obtaining a BSN through Jacksonville University, I will enroll in an online nurse practitioner program. Once I receive my degree and am licensed as a NP, I will search for a job working with inpatient pediatric patients. A nurse practitioner is an advanced practice nurse that has received additional training and education of that beyond a RN. They help with all aspects of patient care. They can work in inpatient and outpatient care. A NP educates patients about preventative care and their prescribed treatments. They can also preform independently or as part of a team. Physicals, ordering tests, and serving as a patient’s primary healthcare provider are some duties of a NP. Some nurse practitioners are also able to prescribe medications. A nurse practitioner must first obtain a BSN followed by a MSN. After completing the educational program, a candidate must be licensed in the state they wish to practice. Each state has its own licensing and certification criteria. An entry level, competency-based exam for nurse practitioners must be taken. The job outlook for nurse practitioners is considered excellent. The average full-time salary is $90,770. The salary may be different according to different practice sites, duties and patient population. The NP may work a mo re traditional schedule or may work weekends, holidays or be on-call. There are some pros and cons of being a nurse practitioner. I will share my lists of pros and cons. Pros of being a NP are that the job outlook is promising, you have autonomy in practice, it is challenging, and the job is ever changing. The most satisfying aspect for me, is that you have the ability to take full care of your patients and work with them on prevention and treatment plans. Now, the cons of being a NP is that the job can be stressful, there are legal risks (malpractice suits), years of specialized education, and the possibility of being on-call. Being a nurse practitioner means that added responsibility is accompanied by added accountability which in turn is increased liability. In my opinion, the satisfaction you get from the job outweighs the negative attributes. You may think that being a nurse practitioner you are at the top of your career ladder. There are some ways a NP can have some professional advancement. Being promoted to director, taking a management position, or managing your own practice are examples of NP growth. It takes a tremendous amount of studying and dedication to earn a MSN degree. Setting specified time aside for studying and school work is important. Procrastination can be a damaging habit. I have arranged a study plan to help me be successful in this program. I plan on setting aside 3 hours every evening on my days that I don’t work for school activities. On the nights that I am scheduled to work I will work as I can on my school work during down times. With this study plan, I feel that it will give enough devoted time to my family and social life. Time management is key in organizing and prioritizing family, work, school and personal time. Time management planning puts some control back into your hands. I create a daily â€Å"to do list† that helps me identify the tasks I need to do. Prioritizing what I need to get done compared to what I want to get done is most important. Breaking down the week’s activities into daily duties makes me feel less overwhelmed then having to view a full week’s worth of activities. Delegating activities to family can help free up some time. Setting realistic time management goals can prevent setting myself up for failure. The stress of going back to school while tackling family and work responsibilities can be very overwhelming. I find that exercise is a stress reducer I utilize. Exercise also gives me private time to work out problems in my head. Keeping my mind and body healthy will help control stress. It is important to have good sleep habits. With my work schedule, I find it difficult to get adequate sleep. A new goal is to work on getting the pro per sleep needed to refuel my brain and body. Organizational skills, time management and a good support system are essential stress reducers in my life. Encouraging words and advice from family and friends means so much in times of need. Being a nurse is my dream, a dream I am fulfilling. This career I did not choose, it is my destiny. Education is the means that allows us to move forward in life. I won’t let fear stand in way of my education to achieve my dream. â€Å"When you find your path, you must ignore fear I won’t let fear stand in way of my education to achieve my dream. â€Å"When you find your path, you must ignore fear. You need to have the courage to risk mistakes. But once you are on that road†¦run, run, run, and don’t stop til you’ve reached its end.†(J.N. Harris, 2010) Reference Page (J.N. Harris, 2010) Retrieved from htp://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/path

Where the Anzacs fighting for Australia or something else essays

Where the Anzacs fighting for Australia or something else essays Were the Anzacs fighting for Australia or the Empire - or something else? The complexities of life during the early half of the 19th century were exemplified in August of 1914. The Great War offered Australians their first chance at forging a national identity, not only for ourselves but also in the eyes of the rest of the world. In the space of eight months Australias nationhood changed irrevocably as Ross Terrill states, At Gallipoli quirks of timing and circumstance, plus wonderful courage and loyalty, gave the young nation an event to turn into legend . This idea of a young nation seeking identity was one of the main reasons for the bravery and courage witnessed on the blood stained, sandy slopes of Gallipoli. The great test in which we needed to prove our worth was upon us, and from that Cove a nation was born. The early Australian newspaper, The Argus, described it as our Baptism of Blood . As Terrill quotes, The Anzac legend joined the bush legend. Both were soon infused with nostalgia for a failed or abandoned cause . Australias need to forge an identity, independent from Britain, is one of the main reasons for Australias volunteer civilian involvement in World War One. Although eighteen percent of the enlisted men in the AIF (Australian Imperial Force), were of British stock , they were second generation middle class families who needed Australia to succeed if they were to prosper. Malcolm Stirling was fighting for something else though, as Richard White surmises, Australians did not necessarily join the war for the same reasons Australia did . For Stirling, and a great many other young men from respectable middle class families who saw no real dissonance between public and private life...notions of pride, duty, honour, sacrifice, loyalty and self-respect...not just for the empire but for his intimate family rel ...

How To Choose Building Plans - 10 Steps to Your Dream Home

How To Choose Building Plans - 10 Steps to Your Dream Home Whether you are building a new house or remodeling an older home, youll need plans to guide you through the project. Here are some tips to help you choose the best building plans for your needs. How to Choose the Right Building Plan Create a Spreadsheet of Needs. Talk with your family. Discuss what each of you wants. What are your needs now and what will your familys needs be in the future? Should you plan for future aging in place? Write it down.Observe. Look at how you live and where you spend most of your time in your house or apartment. Why spend the time and money to build or remodel? If its just because you like change, maybe no building plan will satisfy.Reflect on homes you have visited. What features did you especially enjoy? Look at the way other people live. Is that lifestyle really what you want?Consider the features of your land. Where is the sunlight best? Which direction offers the greatest views and the cooling breezes? Could remodeling capture a piece of nature overlooked by builders of another time?Select exterior finishing details with care. Know if youll be building in an historic district, which may restrict exterior modifications.Browse through building plan catalogs for ideas. You dont hav e to buy stock plans, but these books can help you visualize possibilities. Public libraries may have these popular books on their shelves. Use the webs search function offered by online directories of building plans. Houses from sites like Houseplans.com have often been designed as custom homes before being offered as stock plans. Some plans are specs (speculative) and many are often more interesting than plain vanilla catalog plans.Select a floor plan that most closely matches your ideal. Do you need adaptability? Perhaps you should consider a house without walls. Pritzker Prize-winning architect Shigeru Ban designed Naked House (2000) with movable interior modules - a unique solution that you wont find in a house plan catalog.Estimate your building costs. Your budget will determine many choices you make in the design of your home.Consider hiring an architect to personalize your building plan, or to create a custom design. What Comes First, the House or the Site? Architect William J. Hirsch, Jr. writes, Its a good idea to have a basic concept of what kind of house you want before selecting a site because the type of house will dictate to some extent the nature of the site that makes the most sense for you. Likewise, if you have your heart set on the land first, the house design should fit the site. It might take four months to build a house, but the planning could take years. Additional Tips Choose your floor plan first and your exterior faà §ade second. Most plans can be finished in nearly any architectural style.Its usually best to purchase your land before you select your building plan. The land establishes the amount of area and the type of terrain you have to build on. To build an energy-efficient structure, try to follow the sun as it crosses your lot. Pre-purchasing the land also helps you budget the rest of your project.Be sure to budget for landscaping and finishing touches.Listen actively. Reflect back what you hear when you talk with family members. You might be surprised to find out that your children or in-laws plan to live with you. Do You Have the Confidence? Jack Nicklaus (b. 1940) has been called the greatest professional golfer of all time. So, what does he know about design? Plenty. Nicklaus is said to have had an interesting strategy when he played profession sports - he competed against the golf course instead of other players. Nicklaus knew the ins and outs of all the courses he played - he figured out what he liked and what he didnt like about golf course design. And then, he formed a company. Nicklaus Design promotes itself as the worlds leading design firm. You have lived in the spaces chosen by your parents. Now its your turn to decide. Source Hirsch, William J. Designing Your Perfect House: Lessons from an Architect. Dalsimer Press, 2008, p. 121

Energy Wedges Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Energy Wedges - Lab Report Example Our energy wedge is mainly concerned with efficient utilization of energy and use of renewable sources as the major active ways of reducing carbon emission by the year 2055. Faced with only two solutions of either maintaining the current emission of carbon in the next 50 years or reducing the production of carbon in the atmosphere by the similar amount of time, we opted to build our wedge on the basis practical reduction of carbon in the atmosphere by half for the next 50 years. This option was opted for the various reasons of changing environmental conditions and the sudden changes in technology that demand use of carbon energy (Levy, 2010). The world is required to reduce atmospheric carbon from current 8 billion tons per year by half hence ensuring only 200 billion tons by the year 2055. This is only possible by increasing sufficient use of transport. This is mainly by adopting efficient fuel engines in terms of motor vehicles. Another way is by reducing the distance travelled while at the same time ensuring efficiency in construction and building hence reducing electricity use. This is possible by utilizing solar energy and using materials that conserve energy during winter. Use of renewable sources of energy is our next energy wedge which aims at using sources in the environment that do not produce carbon in the atmosphere. Use of solar energy is just one of the means. Using wind-generated electricity is already in use in many countries in the world. In addition to this forest, conservation and soil storage are also means thorough which carbon emission can be reduced. Lakes, rivers, forests, and soils absorb atmospheric carbon from the atmosphere (UNEP, 2007). The group believes that if the above energy wedge proposal is implemented then the world is likely to achieve its objectives. According to the work sheet above, taxpayers failed to recognize the importance

Hunan Resource-Does motivation come from within a person or is it the Essay

Hunan Resource-Does motivation come from within a person or is it the result of the situation - Essay Example However, motivation seems to arouse out of any of the discussed situations and it has to be considered that motivation cannot be seen in majority of the people as external or internal influence as a whole. Motivation can be classified into two types they are intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation are engender within a person as a result of factors such as liability, autonomy to act, capacity to point out and apply the skills and an enthusiasm to face challenging works. Where as Extrinsic Motivation is created in people by outside influences such as rewards, backing, sponsorship, endorsement etc. However, most of the researchers observe Motivation as a behavioural intervention influenced wither by external forces or forces necessitated within the person. It is very important to analyse the reasons every action of human beings as that would help in giving the exact background for motivation. The reasons to get motivated could be sketched out at two levels they are, individual exhibiting certain activity in addition to how these activities came about. There lies a background for every action performed under motivation. The background of motivation might have come from the influence two forces that might be either a positive or a negative force. However, any kind of motivated action constitutes a goal within inside. For example, Toates’s [1980, 1986] observed motivation as involving a goal-oriented pattern, in which an organism is motivated to behave in a particular way; this behaviour might get changed completely after the organism achieves the goal. Therefore, any motivated behaviour is an influence of some conditions, which are required by the organism. Where as McFarland [1989] has a contradictory observation which says that motivation under the influence of a goal would continue even after the goal has been achieved. From this observation, it appears that McFarland’s notion about motivated actions results either from a

Dual Protection - Design and Copyright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dual Protection - Design and Copyright - Essay Example Besides, under what circumstances can dual protection are offered. Body Firstly, it is important to understand the differences between copyright protection and design protection. Though both are intellectual property and both aim to protect the rights of the IP holder, the objectives and techniques of protection of each would differ. The copyright protection would aim to protect the designer from any abuse of his or her rights whether or not the particular property has been registered or not. On the other hand, the industrial design would aim to provide security to the industry. Hence, simply based on their means of protection, there would be divergences. With relation to the duration of protection, copyright laws ensure an almost perpetual protection, whereas the design laws would only protect for a specific duration. Design laws have to be renewed every 5 years and to a maximum of 25 years in total. Hence, even if copyright and designs could be applied simultaneously, once the desi gn term is over, hardly anybody would be interested in the copyright existing. Another important difference is regarding the infringement processes associated with the design. Designs do offer protection even from innocent violators who may not know that a particular design is already registered and is protected. On the other hand, copyright provides for a wider fair use circle that would effectively protect innocent and non-commercial users. By the very nature of the mechanism of protection, it can be asserted that both designs and copyrights are present for different purposes. The next important difference is the extent of protection, though copyright would protect only expressions of ideas and not ideas, it protects the design in every conceivable form including when it may be used in a 2-dimensional or a 3-dimensional form. However, a design would only protect the appearance or the aesthetic appearance to the article for which it is registered. The final difference noted is that copyright does not require a registration process due to which 99% of all designs are actually registered by this mechanism. This has lead to protection of designs for longer duration and in all conceivable forms3. The dual level of protection has arisen from the definition of artistic work4 under the copyright Act and the general definition of design under the Design Act (Section 1)5. The criteria for fulfilling copyright, is that the work should be original and should have been created by the author, and there it is not necessary that the work be registered. Artistic work more often represents visual representations of intellectual work or ideas to be presented in a material form. One possibility is that drawings or works of craftsmanship which is in fact artistic work may also be design drawings of industrial products or articles of manufacture of various goods. Copyright law offers certain rights to the owner including the right to make copies of the work, the right to distribu te or communicate the work to the public, the right to translate or reproduce the work from one form to another (e.g. from a 2-dimensional work to a

Motivation among Construction workers in Cyprus

Motivation among Construction workers in Cyprus This assignment serves as a proposal for the dissertation requirements and the associated research to be carried out. The dissertation paper will focus on individual development in terms of motivation. More specifically, it will investigate the levels of motivation of the employees in the Construction industry of Cyprus, using Maslows Needs Hierarchy as its theoretical base. The main research question to be addressed is What is the degree of satisfaction at each level of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs among the Construction Industry workers in Cyprus? The particular industry, throughout the world and in Cyprus, faces a series of problems (Yankov Kleiner, 2001). Some of the problems include communication and coordination problems. Also, productivity is observed to be relatively low when compared with other sectors, and this has a direct effect on inflating costs and organisational inefficiency. Parkin et al. (2009) states that motivation is an important factor influencing productivity and that various forms of rewards can stimulate motivation. The particular research aims to determine the degree of satisfaction and the importance of each level of Maslows Hierarchy for workers. This will contribute to the better understanding of employee motivation by managers and thus help in the designing of appropriate reward systems that will have a significant impact on increasing employee motivation. The inspiration for conducting such research came from the authors personal interest on the specific industry and topic, after working as a construction site manager for some time and studying various motivation theories through the current course. Additionally, no research has been conducted on the specific industry on the island until now. All these make the proposed research interesting and important since it will introduce some understanding on the motivation levels of the workers and it will help the rapidly developing construction industry of Cyprus to become more cost effective through adopting more suitable management practises. The following sections introduce the key literature on the topic and the proposed methodology to be used. Also, some details are given on the problems to be addressed, the context of the study, the planned timeframe and the anticipated contributions of this research to theory, knowledge and practise. Review of Key Literature Motivation and Content Theories Motivation can be defined as the cognitive, decision-making process through which goal-directed behaviour is initiated, energized, and directed and maintained (Buchanan Huczynski, 2004, p.244). Content Theories of motivation focus on the goals to which humans aim to achieve (Mullins, 2007, p.256). One of the earliest content theories is the needs hierarchy by Abraham Maslow (1943). Other content theories followed Maslows work, such as Alderfers ERG model and Herzbergs Two Factor theory, but the Hierarchy of Needs is the cornerstone theory on individual development and motivation. Since motivation is a determinant of behaviour and performance, content theories such as the work of Maslow aim to provide the contextual framework for understanding the various motives, and thus using the information to influence performance (Parkin, et al, 2009). The main criticism of such theories is that they lack robust empirical support, especially Maslows Hierarchy of Needs (Roberts, 1982). Additionally, there is a fundamental problem in applying them in organisational settings since most of the above theories concentrate on the individual and so downgrade social interaction, culture and learning (Trigg, 2004). Nevertheless, content theories are extensively used by managers as a framework for dealing with their employees. Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in brief Dr. Maslow started his study on the hierarchy of human needs when he became interested to find out why two of his professors were so different from the rest (Maslow, 1975). Unlike previous researchers, he synthesised a wide body of research and adopted a holistic approach on studying human motivation (Francis Kritsonis, 2006). So he proposed the hierarchy of needs, consisting of five parameters, with the top level being Self-Actualisation. The top level is discussed in further detail in the next section. The pyramid below illustrates the five needs in the order of their priority. Source: Shoura Singh, 1998 Maslow (1943) briefly describes the five parameters as follows: Physiological Needs: these are the starting point for motivation and they are also called physiological needs. They include survival needs such as food, water and sleep. Safety Needs: after fulfilling the survival needs, one needs to secure his body and his job. Also, there is the need to protect his property and family. Belonging Needs: the need to belong to a social group, to love and being loved and fellowship with others. Esteem Needs: the need for recognition, achievement and independence. The need for high self-evaluation based on capability and the respect of others. Self-Actualization Needs: the advancement of the individual and humanity through elevating spirituality, true perception and growth. Lingard and Rowlinson (2005) explain that individuals progress up the pyramid in a systematic manner. In other words, once the lower need has been satisfied, it is no longer a motivator and the next parameter becomes the primary motivator. This is known as the concept of satisfaction-progression process. Moreover, Mullins (2007) adds that there exists a decreasing degree of satisfaction at each level. So as lower needs become more satisfied, higher level needs start to emerge. Finally, Maslow (1943) explains that there are exceptions, where the hierarchy is not necessarily in the proposed order for them. Examples of such exceptions include people in chronic unemployment who may lose interest in higher level needs because they seek satisfaction from low level needs. Empirical Studies and Criticism of the Hierarchy Maslows theory served as the theoretical basis for numerous research projects (Shoura Singh, 1998). Some studies found Maslows theory to be valid when empirically tested, while others criticised it for not applying to non-western cultures and other classes than the middle class. Some of the studies that confirmed the theory include the study measuring motivation levels in Venezuela by Socorro and Ramirez (1986) and in USA by Hankins and Clark (1989). In addition, a study on personality-factor tendencies in Israel by Megen (1985) found that the tendencies were highly consistent with Maslows Self-actualization characteristics. Finally, Lester et al (1983) found that the levels of satisfaction of the parameters were related to measures of neuroticism, therefore making Maslows theory credible. Recent studies by Parkin et al (2009) and Kazaz and Ulubeyli (2007) found that the decreasing degree of satisfaction of the parameters was not valid for construction workers in Turkey. They claim that higher needs appeared more accomplished than lower level needs, and that extrinsic rewards (monetary) were the main motivators. Moreover, some theoretical criticism suggests that Maslows methodology was not scientifically appropriate and that the sample he used was extremely exclusive (Trigg, 2004). Also, various authors, including Alderfer, challenged the satisfaction-progression hypothesis, saying that any one deficiency can exist along another one. Finally, Buchanan and Huczynski (2004) and Maher (2002) state that the definition of Self-actualization is too vague and leads to empirical problems, and that the hierarchy cannot fully interpret behaviour as it lacks aspects of evolution, learning, culture and social interaction. Self-Development Potential Total Self-Development, or Self-actualization, drives humans to expand awareness, beyond common materialistic knowledge, into higher consciousness levels of existence (Shoura Singh, 1998). This parameter can be linked with Total Quality Management practises in the sense that if a person is on its pursuit it means that he will extend his potential, become more operational and effective. Furthermore, the pursuit of self-actualization is responsible for the expansion of the mind, which can be very useful for organisations. This is because such employees strive to acquire understanding beyond common, available knowledge, and this can translate into human capital (Singh, 1996). Maslow (1943) states that self-actualizing people develop Being Values. These are the ultimate values that cannot be reduced to anything more ultimate (Maslow, 1975). Despite the fact that they develop during the final parameter, they still behave like needs- thats why they are called metaneeds (Goble, 2004). Failure to fulfil such metaneeds leads to the sickness of the soul, also known as metapathology. On the other hand, if such needs are fulfilled, then the individual enjoys life the most, with vivid experiences and is able to see symbolism in various aspects. Of course, this parameter is also an on-going process, where the individual goes back and forth from the previous parameter (Maslow, 1975). Motivation, Productivity and Work Many authors stress that motivation levels can affect productivity to a great extend (Parkin et al, 2009; Mullins, 2007). Yankov and Kleiner (2001) add that by applying motivation theories on organisational context can help managers understand the levels of motivation for employees and design systems for the optimization of human resources in the production. Such systems can include both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, depending on the employees indicated deficiencies. The research proposed by this essay will attempt to define the motivation parameters fulfilment using Maslows Hierarchy of need. This will give insights to managers in the specific industry on the deficiencies of the workforce. Therefore this data will assist in the development of suitable reward systems that will cover the suggested deficiencies and increase productivity through increased motivation. Why use Maslow and not any other Content theory? The proposed research will utilize Maslows theory because it is the most incorporated theory in the Business world (Buchanan Huczynski, 2004). Management fashions such as TQM, BPR and job enrichment integrate Maslows ideas for motivation since it has a broad coverage. Moreover, it is the only theory with such depth and close ties with psychology, which is one of the researchers personal interests. Proposed Methodology Research Questions What methodology must be developed for suitably assessing the motivation parameters of employees in the Construction Industry of Cyprus? What is the degree of satisfaction at each parameter of Maslows Needs Hierarchy among workers in the Construction Industry of Cyprus? How can managers use the findings to increase motivation levels, and thus productivity? Methodology related Questions What is a sufficient sample? How errors will be limited and reliability will be ensured? Approach, Target Group and Sample Sufficiency The target group for the specific research are the low ranking workers on the construction sites to be visited. These include builders, plumbers, electricians and any other technician that does not hold a managerial position. By including all the type of employees working in the Construction Industry, a holistic approach of motivation parameters will be retrieved for the whole industry. The collection of data will be obtained through personal survey by the researcher, with the uses of a quantitative questionnaire. Since the actual meaning of a dissertation is a small scale research, a sample of 50 to 70 responders should be sufficient, provided that the majority of those asked will take part in the research. As section 4 explains, responders will be randomly selected, provided that they hold a low ranking position, and the sites to be visited will be both random and specific. The questionnaire intends to include questions that cover the 5 motivational parameters, in order to be able to develop a quantitative assessment for each responder at each parameter. Each parameter will be covered by more than one question. The response to questions will be measured using a Likert Scale from 1 to 7, with 1 representing total disagreement and 7 total agreement. Additionally, the responder will be asked to respond to the same questions in terms of personal importance. Triangulation of Data The Triangulation theory enables researchers to assess and complete hypotheses (Denzin, 1978). Based on this, the questionnaire will include multiple questions studying the same variable, and also questions will be randomized to check whether responses to similar questions are matched. Evaluation Methods For data evaluation, some terminology and formulas are adopted from Shoura and Singh (1998). This also helps in cross reference compatibility. Firstly, all the questions will be grouped according to the parameter they test, and the mean value of each responder for all questions will be calculated (Quality Index numerical parameter). Then, all the QIs will be averaged to find the group QI. QI is helpful to see the instant perception of questions by responders. The same procedure will be done for the responses of the same questions for personal importance. This will be named Relevance Factor (RF). Moreover, QI will be divided by RF, and with using a convenience factor multiplication (k), it will produce a value between 1 and 100 (Scaled QI). This will serve as an additional numerical parameter for assessment. To illustrate the use of SQI, lets say that RF is high. This produces a low SQI that shows that attention must be placed on the specific parameter. Finally, regarding the central tendency theorem, the standard deviation of QI, RF and SQI will be calculated to see question responses fluctuated around the average. Where central tendency is observed, it is important to analyse the data since important conclusions can be drawn. The appendix contains the statistical formulas. Effectiveness of Proposed Methodology and Alternative methods availability The proposed methodology is expected to be effective since it appears to be rational and triangulated. In addition, the work of Shoura and Singh (1998) helped in the final formulation. A similar version was tested in Honolulu and the results were credible. This methodology can be made more effective by relating the results with demographics, where especially age is very important in the analysis of Self-Actualization. Unfortunately, integrating such an analysis will exceed the length of such a small research project. Alternative methods of assessing motivation parameters include recorded interviews with employees or with managers that lay down their views about their staff. However, this takes a qualitative data form which requires a more complex analysis. So a quantitative data collection is preferred, where responses are homogeneous and easier to analyse. Some other researchers chose to send their questionnaires through email or by post. The specific researcher prefers to be involved personally in the data collection to make sure that there is complete understanding and everything goes as planned. Ethical Considerations and Practical Considerations It is important to state once again that this research is intended to be of a small scale; therefore no generalizations can be made using its findings. Nonetheless, it can be used as a reference on future research. Moreover, subjects will be fully explained of the requirements and be assured that the research will remain anonymous and will not affect their job. This information will be printed on the questionnaire and further stressed by the researcher. Further considerations on ethics include the fact that participation is voluntary and that the completed questionnaires will not be shown to anyone. Finally, the supervisor will sign a statement confirming the purpose of the research and the results will be shown to managers whose employees participated. For the timeframe and the feasibility issues of the research see Section 4. Context, Timeframe and feasibility Context of Study The researcher plans to distribute the questionnaires in construction sites in the 4 main provinces in Cyprus Larnaca, Nicosia, Limassol and Paphos. Each province consists of one major city and a number of small villages around it. The sites to be visited include some specific and random. The specific sites are those known through acquaintances made during working experience. The criteria for selecting the random sites will be their convenient location and the number of workers on the site. The questionnaire will be distributed randomly to low ranking employees that are willing to participate in the research. In regards to the construction industry of Cyprus, it is a rapidly developing industry producing around 20% of the Republics GDP (CYSTAT, 2010). The particular industry also serves as a significant foreign currency earner, since properties are exported mainly to residents from the UK and Russia. The workers on the sites can be described as low skilled labour with low educational qualifications, mainly of eastern European nationalities. The specific research will only target these technicians and will exclude any qualified engineers and high ranking staff since most of them occupy a managerial position. Finally, it is observed that most firms in the industry do not have an HRM department. So any reward schemes are designed by CEOs who are not specialized in the field, especially in terms of motivation. Timeframe The time-line of the research is designed in advance. All tasks are given generous time and the plan aims to finish the whole project 2 weeks before the deadline. These actions allow for any unexpected events that may occur and disturb some tasks. The calendar in the Appendix shows the timeline in detail. Briefly, the first literature review will start on the 21 of March and last for 3 weeks. Then the questionnaire will be designed using one week and in the next two weeks, data will be collected by visiting the various sites and handing out the questionnaires. On the 1st of June, a deeper literature review will take place for 3 weeks and then the data will be recorded and analysed. After analysing the data, one week will be dedicated to studying literature and relating to results. The final task is to write the dissertation, and this will take 4 weeks. Feasibility The weeks that data will be collected are appropriate since they do not involve any holidays and workers are expected to be on the site. Also, it is a good time for the researcher since the weeks do not collide with exams or any other obligations. Finally, a friend acting as a translator is available at that specific time. Furthermore, some of the site managers were informed about the research on their staff, and are happy to collaborate. Some other conditions that need to be met to ensure the smooth running of the research include: A translator will accompany the researcher to ensure that the subjects fully understand the questions and the requirements (the translator is a friend of the researcher, speaking Bulgarian, Romanian and Turkish, that has confirmed that he will participate) The researcher will be present to provide clarifications and instructions The questions have to be designed so that the most illiterate person can understand them Identification of the Problems to be addressed The suggested research will address the problem between employees motivation and productivity, by examining the motivation parameter fulfilment on Maslows Needs Hierarchy. Through this, other problems will also be addressed. These include the lack of empirical data on the motivation levels of the workers in the specific industry that can be used by managers in order to design policies that stimulate motivation. Finally, the results can be used to find out whether contemporary reward schemes address the needs of workers or they are irrelevant and ineffective. Research Contributions Similar studies on motivation claim that they contributed both in theory and practice. Kazaz and Ulubeyli (2007) suggest that their study contributed to the enhancement of the validity of Maslows Theory but also indicated that some concepts are not completely valid. Furthermore, Parkin et al, (2009) and Shoura and Singh (1998) suggest that they provided vital insights to managers in the specific industries that will contribute to the fine-tuning of Human Resources. The specific study will also contribute to theory, in the sense that it will try to test the validity of Maslows theory in a small island society and on a lower societal class than the middle class. Additionally, it aims to add to the knowledge on the motivation levels of employees in the Construction Industry of Cyprus, which may act as an inspiration for future research. Finally, it aims to help management practice in an industry where HR expertise is limited and reward schemes are designed randomly, based on instinct and experience.