The Effects of Substrate Concentration, Reaction Time and Enzyme Concentration on Enzyme Reactions

The Effects of Substrate Concentration, Reaction Time and Enzyme Concentration on Enzyme Reactions Corey von Ellm-St. Croix Rachael Kwan ID#: 20427841 Matthew Hrycyshyn and Saeideh Mayanloo Biol 130L, Section 017 Wednesday, 9:30am-12:20pm, 151 November 09, 2011 A living framework controls its movement through compounds. Chemicals are produced using hundreds or even a huge number of amino acids associated in an exceptionally novel and explicit request. Practically all chemicals are proteins, aside from ribozymes. The chain of amino acids at that point folds into a one of a kind shape. That shape not just permits the compound to complete explicit concoction responses however to go about as a productive impetus. The chemical speeds that response up hugely. Every catalyst responds with one explicit reactant considered a substrate that will shape its items. The motivation behind the trials is to decide the impacts of substrate fixation, response time and protein focus on the bearing of a chemical response. Amylase is a stomach related catalyst found in both the spit and the small digestive system. Salivary amylase is a hydrolytic response that separates starch particles by methodicallly severing the maltose atoms from the parts of the bargains. The maltose is additionally separated by another catalyst. Phosphorylase is a compound that efficiently evacuates glucose atoms by devours phosphoric corrosive to break the beta-1-4-glucosidic bonds in starch. The cooperation of phosphate with the glucosidic bond brings about the arrangement of glucose-1-phosphate and the departure of a chain unit in starch. In the opposite response the glucose part of glucose-1-phosphate is included as another chain unit and phosphate is liberated. This reversible enzymatic polymerization happens with little change in free vitality and therefor the response may decide to go in any case. Iodine Test is a test for the nearness of starch wherein the example turns blue-dark in shading when a couple of drops of potassium iodide arrangement are set on the example. A negative iodine test is the point at which the response stays yellow in shading. It is the response among iodine and the looped polymer of glucose known as amylase in starch that causes the shading change. The response happens when straight amylase chains structure helices in which the iodine can go inside. Glycogen likewise gets a shading change since it is a glucose polymer also however its structure separates from starch which along these lines frames an earthy colored shading change. The iodine test doesn't work for mono or disaccharides since they are too little to even think about capturing the iodine. The Benedict’s test is utilized to distinguish the nearness of decreasing sugars. Decreasing sugars will be sugars with a free aldehyde or ketone gathering. The free receptive carbonyl gathering permits all monosaccharides to diminish sugars. The equivalent goes for disaccharides as some likewise contain the free receptive carbonyl gathering. The shade of encourage framed when the Benedict’s test procures a positive outcome relies upon the convergence of diminishing sugars present. A green shading change shows that couple of decreasing sugars are available. Orange demonstrates a higher focus, red a considerably higher fixation and earthy colored is the most noteworthy focus shading change. A negative test for lessening sugar happens when the Benedict’s arrangement remains its blue shading. Materials and Method Materials and Method found in 1119 BIOL 130, Department of Biology 2011 Cell Biology Laboratory Manual. College of Waterloo, Waterloo. Fall 2011. p. 37-42. The method of the lab didn't contrast from that in the lab manual. Results Salivary Amylase Iodine test: Table 1 Test Tube Number| Results Through Experimentation| Control | 1 (10% salivary amylase arrangement) | Yellow | Negative | 2 (5% salivary amylase solution)| Yellow| Negative | 3 (2% salivary amylase solution)| Yelllow| Negative | 4 (1% saliv ary amylase solution)| Yellow| Negative| 5 (1% starch suspension)| Blue-Black| Positive| Table1: The table above speak to the primary iodine test done. Shows parts of each test tube just as the outcomes and positive or negative control. Weakenings were finished utilizing faucet water (may contain different particles). Relates to stages 5 through 10. Benedict’s test: Table 2 Test Tube Number| Results Through Experimentation| Control| 1 (10% salivary amylase arrangement) | Brown-orange precipitate| Positive| 2 (5% salivary amylase solution)| Green encourage | Positive| 3 (2% salivary amylase solution)| Blue | Negative| 4 (1% salivary amylase solution)| Blue| Negative| 5 (1% starch suspension)| Blue| Negative| Table 2: The table above speak to the first Benedict’s test done. Shows segments of each test tube just as the outcomes and positive or negative control. Every one of the above test tubes contains 4ml Benedict’s arrangement and were bubbled for 5 minutes when deciding outcomes and are identified with stages 5 through 10. Iodine test: Table 3 Test Tubes| Number of Drops Till Negative| Time Interval| Time| 9+14 (1% salivary amylase solution)| 13 | 60 seconds| 13*60= 780 seconds| 8+13 (2% salivary amylase solution)| 12| 30 seconds| 12*30= 360 seconds| 7+12 (5% salivary amylase solution)| 10| 15 seconds| 10*15= 150 seconds| 6+11 (10% salivary amylase solution)| 18| 5 seconds| 18*5= 90 seconds | 10+15 (water)| (Always positive)| N/A| N/A| Table 3: The table above speaks to the time it took to arrive at endpoint. Shows segments of each test tube, number of drops, time stretch among drops and time to arrive at endpoint. Every one of the above test tubes contains 2ml †1% starch suspension and 2ml McIlvaine’s cushion. The above test tubes were set in a hot shower at 37 degrees Celsius and relate to stages 11-18. Benedict’s test: Table 4 Test tube| Results through experimentation| Control| 20 (water)| blue| negative| 9 (1% salivary amylase solution)| 1/3 earthy colored - 2/3 blue| Positive| 18 (2% salivary amylase solution)| 1/3 earthy colored - 2/3 blue| Positive| 17 (5% salivary amylase solution)| 1/3 earthy colored - 2/3 blue| Positive| 16(10% salivary amylase solution)| 1/3 earthy colored - 2/3 blue| Positive| Table 4: The table above speaks to the quest for diminishing sugars after endpoint. Every one of the above test tubes contains 4ml Benedict’s arrangement and were bubbled for 5 minutes w hen deciding outcomes and are identified with stages 18-20. Phosphorylase Composition of test tubes: Table 5 TEST TUBE NUMBER | CONTAINS| One| 1. 5ml of 0. 01M glucose + 1 drop of 0. % starch suspension| Two| 1. 5 of 0. 01M glucose-1-phosphate+ 1 drop of 0. 2% starch suspension| Three| 1. 5 of 0. 01M glucose-1-phosphate| Four| 1. 5 of 0. 01M glucose-1-phosphate+ 1 drop of 0. 2% starch suspension| Five| 1. 5 of 0. 01M glucose-1-phosphate + 0. 5ml of 0. 2M potassium phosphate+ 1 drop of 0. 2% starch suspension| Six| 0. 5ml of 0. 2M potassium phosphate + 1. 5ml of 0. 2% starch suspension| Seven| 0. 5ml of 0. 2M potassium phosphate+ 1. 5ml of 0. 2% starch suspension| Eight| 4ml Boiled phosphorylase | Table 5: The above table speak to the arrangements present in the test tubes 1-8 from stages 2-10 Iodine test: Table 6 Test tube| Results through experimentation| Control| 1| Yellow | Negative | 2| Yellow| Negative| 3| Yellow| Negative| 4| Yellow| Negative| 5| Yellow| Negative| 6| Blue-black| Positive| 7| Blue-black| Positive | Table 6: Search for starch inside test tubes 1-7. Shows parts of each test tube just as the outcomes and positive or negative control. Sythesis of test tubes : Table 7 TEST TUBE NUMBER | CONTAINS| One| 1. 5ml of 0. 01M glucose + 1 drop of 0. 2% starch suspension + 2ml phosphorylase| Two| 1. 5 of 0. 01M glucose-1-phosphate+ 1 drop of 0. 2% starch suspension+ 2ml phosphorylase| Three| 1. of 0. 01M glucose-1-phosphate+ 2ml phosphorylase| Four| 1. 5 of 0. 01M glucose-1-phosphate+ 1 drop of 0. 2% starch suspension + 2ml bubbled phosphorylase| Five| 1. 5 of 0. 01M glucose-1-phosphate + 0. 5ml of 0. 2M potassium phosphate+ 1 drop of 0. 2% starch suspension+ 2ml phosphorylase| Six| 0. 5ml of 0. 2M potassium phosphate + 1. 5ml of 0. 2% starch suspension+ 2ml phosphorylase| Seven| 0. 5m l of 0. 2M potassium phosphate+ 1. 5ml of 0. 2% starch suspension + 2ml bubbled phosphorylase| Table 7: The above table speak to the arrangements present in the test tubes 1-7 from stages 11-12 Iodine Test: Table 8 Time Interval| test tube 1| Test tube 2| Test tube 3| Test tube 4| Test tube 5| Test tube 6| Test tube 7| 10:28-10:32| yellow| Very swoon blue-black| yellow| Faint blue-black| Blue black| 10:32-10:36| yellow| Blue black| yellow| Very swoon blue-black| Blue black| 10:36-10:39| yellow| Blue black| yellow| Faint blue black| Blue black| 10:39-10:42| yellow| Blue black| yellow| Faint blue black| Blue black| 10:42-10:46| yellow| Blue black| yellow| Blue black| Blue black| 10:46-10:49| yellow| Blue black| Very black out blue black| yellow| Blue black| Blue black| 10:49-10:52| Yellow| Blue black| Faint blue black| yellow| Blue black| Blue black| 10:52-10:55| Yellow| Blue black| Blue black| Yellow| Blue black| Blue black| 10:55-10:58| Yellow| Blue black| Blue black| Yellow| Blue black| Blue black| 10:58-10:42| yellow| Blue black| Blue black| Yellow| Blue black| Blue black| Table 8: Test for the nearness and blend of starch. Contains the time span from when the past test had finished to end of current test and the response consequence of test tubes 1-7. Figure1: above; speak to the time it took each salivary amylase fixation to arrive at endpoint (when test for starch got negative. Conversation: Salivary Amylase The Iodine test’s control is the nearness of starch. On the off chance that starch is nearness, at that point the control is certain subsequent in a blue-dark shading change. The principal iodine test or in the event that you allude to table 1, gave a positive outcome for just test tube 5 which contained 1% starch suspension. Plainly starch is available dependent on simply the part of the so

Mitigating Market Entry Barriers

Presentation Porter’s (1979) five powers hypothesis features showcase passage boundaries as one of requirements in building up another business. Researching market passage hindrances for McLaren empowers us to evaluate the degree of rivalry and the potential boundaries frustrating the advancement of McLaren in the mass vehicle industry. As McLaren started enhancement in the 1960’s it helped them incredibly in turning away market passage hindrances to through economies of scale. By spreading out into various ventures, for example, McLaren hustling and McLaren car, McLaren had the option to profit incredibly from economies of scale. This has supported McLaren with their high capital venture prerequisite for setting up a mass vehicle creating organization. As a high worth vehicle, to buy the parts and have the McLaren buyer vehicle fabricated would be incredibly costly. Be that as it may, Mclaren entered the mass vehicle advertise as a major aspect of its enhancement technique which has permitted the organization to used same worth chain for its purchaser vehicle gear. Consequently, the underlying high speculation capital hindrance required for the market passage was effectively relieved by McLaren. Aside from the colossal capital venture prerequisite, item separation is additionally one of the market passage hindrances in the mass vehicle advertise. McLaren conquered this obstruction effectively in light of the fact that it previously had set up brand value and a reliable customer base. McLaren is a known worldwide for its recipe one hustling group in high respects so building up new organizations under its image name wasn’t troublesome. McLaren’s vehicles were effectively separated from other very good quality vehicle makers due to the company’s effectively settled brand picture. (Fahri, K and Michael, J. 1989) Another obstruction to advertise section inside the vehicle business is the dispersion channels. McLaren was not required to set up its appropriation channel for buyer vehicles since it didn't create them in huge numbers and the vast majority of its vehicles were bought via vehicle devotees who distinctly south after the brand. The key ‘pull’ technique for showcasing its modest number of top of the line shopper vehicles turned away its needs to set up a conveyance and deals channel (Terpstra, 1994). Another passage hindrance to the mass vehicle advertise and a significant one is the prerequisite of customer vehicles to stick to wellbeing particular and condition epscification. . The car business is dependent upon government decides and guidelines that incorporate the vehicle security and natural issues. Vehicle wellbeing is to guarantee that every vehicle that is provided is ok for the driver and its travelers consistently. Natural issues incorporate outflow levels to lessen the harm every vehicle makes to demolish our condition. McLaren has its own innovative work places and condition of craftsmanship test offices and creation plant where it could create, actualize and screen its vehicle execution as per the legitimate prerequisites. The Level of Diversification Achieved by McLaren As per Ansoff (1957), there are four fundamental corporate methodologies for development. These are showcase entrance; advertise advancement; item improvement and enhancement (see fig1). Fig.1 The initial three development systems require a firm to change its item or potentially advertise structure. In contrast to these three, the forward development technique for example broadening requires an adjustment in the qualities of a company’s product offering or potentially advertise. Broadening â€Å"calls for a synchronous takeoff from the current product offering and the current market structure† (Ansoff, 1957, p.114). Relating to this development technique arrangement, wandering of McLaren into a few unmistakable organizations can be named its broadening system. Throughout the years, McLaren has wandered into a few particular organizations. These are: McLaren Racing includes recipe one dashing group that contends in equation one hustling. This business centers essentially around the dashing group of the organization. McLaren Racing decides to be extraordinary compared to other known equation one group on the planet. McLaren Racing has built up its image by stashing 181 Grand Prix triumphs (William, 2009). McLaren Automotive is a business that plans and manufactures super vehicles made for the mass buyers. McLaren street vehicles are intended to meet the elevated standards regarding rate, execution and perseverance. As an overall brand, McLaren Automotive intends to deliver the best car vehicles as well as to constantly ‘raise the benchmark in car design’ (McLaren, 2013). McLaren Electronic Systems (MES) makes electronic control frameworks for the McLaren Racing group. The company’s electronic frameworks are utilized in equation one vehicle for different telemetry and tactile frameworks. The organization additionally makes electronic control units for different groups in the motorsport business to use across Europe and North America. (McLaren, 2013) McLaren Applied Technologies (MAT) centers around providing the best innovation to help the specialized help in universe of sports and to upgrade the exhibition of McLaren’s equation one vehicles. McLaren Applied Technologies has kept on boosting McLaren’s notoriety as the ‘forefront of British designing and technology’ (McLaren, 2013). Tangle has helped overall games by giving innovation to help improve the proficiency of the participant’s execution in the most ideal manner conceivable. This could be something as basic as giving trail blazing bicycles that weigh less without ruining the productivity of the bicycle. Total Taste is occupied with accommodation and occasion the executives business. It serves food to McLaren’s clients and fans at equation one race. Outright Taste likewise gives a cooking administration and friendliness to privileged clients around the globe. They additionally sort out occasions and the serve different cooking styles to provide food its worldwide clients (McLaren, 2013).McLaren’s Horizontal DiversificationThe previously mentioned expansion methodologies of McLaren can be arranged as either related or un-related enhancement systems. Related broadening procedures can be additionally separated into three classifications as even, vertical and cross-part enhancement (Charles et. al, 2010). These related expansion procedures contrast because of their diverse blend of industry closeness and worth chain similitude (see fig 2). Flat expansion relates to a business’s wandering into another field which utilizes a similar worth chain as its center business a nd falls inside a similar industry. Thinking about this definition, McLaren has not expanded evenly as it has not procured some other recipe one dashing groups. Fig.2 (Source: Charles et, al. 2010, p. 296)McLaren’s Vertical DiversificationVertical enhancement alludes to an expansion activity inside a similar industry, however one which utilizes an alternate worth chain than that of the company’s center business. (Charles et, al. 2010). McLaren broadened vertically through its car business as it works inside a similar industry yet has various clients and showcasing channels. In like manner, McLaren’s electronic frameworks and applied innovation business can be named as vertical expansion as it works inside the equivalent (equation one hustling) industry, however it requires an unmistakable worth chain for example creation, dissemination and client arrange (McLaren, 2013).McLaren’s Cross Sector DiversificationCross part expansion happens alludes to enhancement inside an alternate industry, yet one which has an equivalent worth chain (Charles et, al. 2010). McLaren’s wandering into the providing food, cordiality and occasion the board business (Absolute Taste) can be named cross-area broadening. Total Taste share’s a similar worth chain as McLaren’s center business as it is an expansion of the company’s own showcasing exercises and hence utilizes the equivalent administrative and different assets. In any case, Absolute Taste additionally works in a total distinctive neighborliness industry; a field totally not quite the same as vehicle hustling business. Similalry, McLaren’s applied advances can be named as cross-part expansion in that it additionally works in different ventures, for example, clinical science separated and sports (other than vehicle racing).McLaren’s Unrelated DiversificationUnrelated enhancement is alluded to a firm’s commitment in a totally un-related business (Charles et, al. 2010). McLaren, expansion procedures so far do exclude any un-related broadening as the organization accomplishes economies of scale and cooperative energies t hrough the entirety of its enhancement techniques. McLaren has built up this arrangement of organizations to support the Group’s notoriety and to grow. The advancement of the creation community improved McLaren’s odds of expanding economies of scale. By having such a significant number of the McLaren organizations being overseen under a similar rooftop, it permits each organization to benefit as much as possible from substantial and impalpable assets and materials that wouldn’t have been utilized something else (McLaren, 2013). The joint utilization of sources of info implies that distinctive McLaren auxiliaries share the exchange cost of hardware and other conceivable creation costs for the vehicles that are delivered. When the McLaren creation focus was assembled, it implied that the inside procedure of vehicle creation would change. Inside the creation community explore is consistently assembled on the best way to improve the general execution of McLaren’s Racing and Automotive vehicles. As the vehicle is assembled they would then be able to send it off to be shower painted by hand inside a similar office which spares time as well as diminishes blunders that may have been made on the paint work by machines. Administrative desire is the drive of numerous organizations. McLaren has a notoriety to retain as the ‘forefront of British engineering’ (McLar

Snuff Types and Health Risks

Snuff Types and Health Risks Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print Snuff Types and Health Risks By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on February 22, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on February 11, 2020 Bill Hinton Photography/Moment Open/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery Snuff comes in a dry form and in a wet or moist form.  Additionally, there is a creamy snuff,  which is less popular than the other forms. Dry Snuff Dry snuff is a powdered tobacco product that involves curing or fermenting selected tobacco leaves which are then ground down into a fine powder. Traditional  fine snuff was a product that highlighted the taste of different tobacco blends only, but most of what is sold today have a scent or flavor added as well. Common flavors include coffee, chocolate, plum, camphor, cinnamon, rose, mint, honey, vanilla, cherry, orange, apricot. Even flavors like whiskey, bourbon, and cola can be found. Most snuff is then tucked away for a period of time to allow the flavors to settle and develop before being  sold. Dry snuff is snorted or sniffed into the nasal cavity, where it sends a hit of nicotine into the bloodstream quickly.?? This action often produces a sneeze, but those experienced in the practice would tell you that sneezing is the sign of a beginner. Wet Snuff Snus This is a Swedish moist snuff product that is sold in little packets.  The snuff is slipped between the upper lip and gums where it sits, mixing with saliva and leaching nicotine-containing tobacco juice into the mouth.  Most snus packets contain about 30 percent tobacco and 70 percent water and flavorings.?? Dipping Tobacco (Dip) This is an American snuff product that is also moist. It is comprised of ground-up or loose bits of shredded tobacco that users take a pinch of to place between cheek and gum. As the juice builds up, its either spit out or swallowed. Chewing Tobacco (Chew) Chewing tobacco comes in a few different forms:  loose, leaf, pellets and plugs. Some are flavored and/or sweetened, and all forms of it are chewed to release tobacco juices. Both dip and chew tobacco are discarded, not swallowed when finished. Creamy Snuff Sold in toothpaste tubes, creamy snuff is meant to be applied to the gums by rubbing it on with the finger or toothbrush. It is then left in place for a few minutes before the spitting out the tobacco-laden saliva it produces. Creamy snuff is made up of tobacco paste, clove oil, glycerin, and mint flavorings. Its used mainly in India by women as a toothpaste to clean the teeth. Creamy snuff is addictive, just like any other snuff product. Who Uses Snuff? Snuff has a long history of use. Mayan snuff containers dating to AD 300-900 have been found. Snuff has turned up in numerous cultures and time periods elsewhere in the world, from South America to Spain and other parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa. John Rolfe, husband of Pocahontas introduced commercially manufactured snuff to North America in the early 1600s.?? Following a period of time where snuff was frowned upon and banned by the Pope and a couple of French Kings, it regained popularity with French, English, and even American aristocrats. Interestingly, the U.S Congress passed the first federal excise tax on tobacco products in 1794. A tax of 8 cents was applied to snuff and represented 60 percent of the cost of a container of it. Smoking and chewing tobacco were not included in this tax. James Madison opposed it, saying it deprived poorer people of innocent gratification. Today, snuff is still available in smoke shops throughout Europe. It is regulated in the same way as other tobacco products, including age restrictions. In the United States, snuff is not popular, so is not as easily obtained. It can be found in specialty smoke shops and online. Health Risks   All forms of snuff put users at risk for nicotine addiction.?? Oral snuff can attract a multitude of oral problems, including leukoplakia, receding gums, tooth loss, and oral cancer.?? Chronic abuse of dry snuff leads to morphological and functional changes in the nasal mucosa. Users are also exposed to carcinogens in the tobacco; using snuff may increase the risk of head and neck cancer.?? Is Snuff a Good Alternative to Smoking? While snuff doesnt contain tar or any of the toxic gases produced by burning cigarettes, all forms do  have nicotine and users will become addicted because of that. Snuff tobacco also contains tobacco-specific nitrosamines  (TSNAs), thought to be some of the most potent carcinogens in tobacco.?? The best possible choice is to avoid all tobacco products completely.  If youre addicted to nicotine, use the resources here to help you quit now.  Addiction never just fades away on its own, so be proactive and kick it out of your life.  You wont regret it.

Leisure Resort Hotels - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2158 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Tourism Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? Fieldwork Needs and Wants of the Leisure Tourist Tourism has long been considered as an effective vehicle for development in general, and in island micro-states in particular. Various countries have got some of the fascinating sceneries which attracts the tourist. These areas have got vast qualities that make them attractive which includes the physical potential scale, the conducive environment, the history of heritage and the various diverse traditional craft styles all of which produce a unique traits. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Leisure Resort Hotels" essay for you Create order Tourism is playing a vital role in the development and growth of the economy. Urban economy hammered from city economy to the production economy and so historic cities have to compete to one another in order to attract and maintain visitors to these areas or to maximise and to develop market share. The needs and wants of tourists vary from one guest to another. These needs may be for accommodation, looking for food, or a place to conduct their seminars and work-shops. Leisure guests may want to spend time in an environment that is quite different from their normal place of residence. They explore places looking for decent accommodation, a variety of quality foods, motivated and pleasant personnel and an efficient service delivered to them. Leisure guests want to experience new things visiting different scenic places and interacting with the local residents and staff in the area that they are visiting. By visiting these hotel/resort centres, they not only relax and rest f rom their normal regular duties, but also exercise their right and thus enable them to realise their self-esteem. They do this by acquiring new experiences which might not be found from their own home. Their demands increase as they encompass culture and the arts. They also require sports, entertainment, good food, various products, health among other essentials goods and services. However, it has been observed that most of the resort/hotel staff does not understand what service or products can best suit this kind of guest. This may be because most of these tourists are coming from a different background hence their taste and preferences are not well understood by these resort personnel. Likewise, some of the owners of these resorts/hotels are not financially stable to provide for some of the luxurious goods and services are quite often demanded by these leisure guests. Therefore the resort staff should be in a position to understand the needs of their quests. For instan ce; those leisure guests visiting a historic centre, the atmosphere created by the bars, restaurant, cafes is an important part of experience to them. Thus, these places should be kept attractive and conducive as possible. Visitation of these places by the leisure guests keep a centre active, provide value to them as well as promoting and developing the potential economy of these centres, hence able to attract more investment. Psychocentric travellers as described by the plog are a self-inhibitive, nervous, and non-adventuresome tourists. Psychocentric leisure tourists prefer going to the familiar places during their travels. Psychocentric has been widely taught and routinely acted as a cornerstone tourism theory and simultaneously viewed as having many flaws. Basic economic and marketing theory assumes that consumers are rational beings and are able to allocate the scarce resources to fit their personal desires. The purchase of vacation travel requires the expenditure o f both money and time as well the commitment of both inventory of physical and psychic energy. Fieldwork destination (New York Manhatan) and its components sector Fieldwork is the first hand observations made in the field as opposed to observations done or observed in a controlled environment. The tourists have often sought to explore places for different purposes which ranges from academic to leisure tours. There are increasing numbers of the organization struggling to operate effectively at the intersection between offering quality, purposeful vacation experiences that are not intrusive, exploitation or disruptive to the local people. This has been one of the biggest achievements completed by the New York Manhattan. Different themes have been adopted by the various components of the organization to improve the experience of their visitors. Entertainment attractions are one of the major concepts in a fieldwork destination. Manhattan has moved from the concept of amusement parks and fair grounds of former times with no underlying themes into a fantasy-provoking atmosphere. The key aspect to consider in park development is the imag e landscape, the location and the markets which both should appeal to the tourist. Reproductive landscape that evokes the known products, events or stories in the public mind is most suitable. A theme park ground is normally modelled based on the tourist interest. Visitor figures are used to determine the required number of attractions. The largest and best parks provide a variety of rides and entertainment for the visitors, with a level of investment that encourages a repeat visit. A choice modelling approach is another theme that is adopted by different organizations. The perceived impacts of tourism on host communities and the associated residents attitudes towards tourism are an important aspect. The choice modelling approach can be used to identify the trade-offs residents are willing to make with respect to tourism impacts. This allows an estimation of the probability that residents will support a tourism project that generates a specified impact. The rate at wh ich residents are willing trade the negatives for the positives can be used to evaluate whether potential development in these communities will be beneficial in terms of either being supported by the majority of residents or making a positive contribution to their economic welfare. Market segmentation and the prediction of the tourist behaviours have also been considered as the efforts towards the improvement of the tourist experience. The preferences and the behaviour patterns of the tourist involved relaxation, nature and local culture. Market segmentation seeks to identify some easily identifiable characteristics of which purchasing behaviour of the tourist within the market may be predicted and targeted. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics have long been used as a basis of segmentation. However, the power of age, gender and wealth to predict purchasing behaviour is fully situation-dependent because they are only indirectly to buying intentions. Backpacker ethnography is a concept of culture which advances the understanding of the tourist. Such a concept furthers the understanding of a phenomenon that is so vast and diverse. It also displays widespread affinities, behavioural similarities, social interaction that enhances system of meaning and a connection to references. The culture angles enable the backpackers to be viewed as a social in related category involving both self-perception and peer recognition. Road statures as a key phenomenon for the compression of the backpacker tourism culture comprises of hardship experiences, competence, cheap travels, along with the ability to communicate it properly. For examples clothes and equipment which back home would have been discarded are often mended and used. The guide books, internet and emails have allowed the individual backpacker to invoke a personal virtual community to supplement face-to-face interactions. This enables a more selective choice of patterns, which a gain facilitates partitioning. The internet has changed the direction of the institutionalized that includes the increase scheduling and planning, flexibility as well as communication. Lastly, telematics opportunities have led to strengthening broader understanding, regional and technological development. Telematics reduces the importance of the physical distances but does not eliminate the need for face-to face contacts. It is up to the firm to meet the challenge of turning what might seem to be a threat but which adapted to the firms local conditions and networks as a prosperous opportunities. The consequences of telematics for remote areas especially have to do with improved accessibility and communication facilities, while the possibilities for change of processes internally in the firms must be assumed to be largely the same irrespective of the location. The utilization of telecoms in tourism and travel industry especially in remote areas should be given due considerati on. The mere fact that hotels may be located in remote areas hardly implies a limitations as to their utilization of telecommunication based information and sale channels. How the tourist experience can be improved The tourist experience implies an understanding of tourist behaviour from the tourists own frame of reference, rather than the one imposed by the researcher. It is important to clearly understand the needs and wants of the different categories of the tourists so as to be able to deliver services and products as preferred by them. There is a tendency to read representations landscape and experiences on the behaviour of the tourist who reads them as part of their everyday lives. Conceptualization and the analysis of the culture of the tourist and the consumption of the representations are equally important. The conservational research and participation observation to capture tourist knowledge and action are especially required in accordance to the frames of reference preferred by the tourists. Research focusing on the experience of the tourists should be advocated for, where concepts or methods which are useful in understanding the experience and culture of the people bein g given the first priority. The transport sector should be improved so as to make travel easier. Resort centres that mostly suit the needs of the rich should be brought up within the range of the middle class people. Water ways, road networks, rails and the airstrips should be well improved. The tourist attraction centre management should ensure the availability of such services like post offices, and banks. This will enable the tourists to either post or receive mail at the same place. They will also be able to deposit or withdraw cash without traveling to another centre whenever the needs arise. Accommodation should also be established so as to improve tourist destination. Hotels and lodges should be remodelled and refurnished to accommodate the traveling and the resident tourists in the best ways possible. New pleasant homes and hotels should be established to accommodate the sudden growth of the tourism. Aspect of guides practice should be provided to the touris ts to help them experience the country as they explore it. The guide should be in terms of the human personnel or the printed guide book which contains history and the description of the tourist site. The guide book also serves as a geography of the new areas to a nation with little understanding of the new territories. Travel magazines and illustrated promotional literature and the picture postcard collection also influence the tourist experience. It is recommended that management of the tourists, delivering of materials and setting the pace could be improved. There should be more information on scheduling-information about what will happen during the trip, as well as clear instructions about time schedule and programmes. There is also a need to have more humorous and informative guides. Guides should try to speak clear English with no dialect. The development of different destinations such as national parks, historical architecture, and the urban site are much important in influencing the experience of the tourist. The healthiness of the travel activities and mental stimulation added to the success of the travel, alleviates the health problems. The security of the tourist destination is sought after. Most of the tourists prefer traveling in the secure areas. The security of the place could be improved by employing tourist guides to look into the security measures of the visitors at the site. Improvement of security lights and fencing off the area is equally important. Equipment and vehicles are also important components which should be considered to improve the experience of the tourist. To hear the guide, better technical equipment and working public address system should be provided. Comfort level in tourist vehicles with more space and seats need to be established. Another factor which is essential in improving the tourist experience is the provision and incorporation of games and other activities. Fun, socialization, more games and activities in the tour such as on vehicle-based sightseeing tours and canoes tours, more time for swimming and sun-bathing are necessary in improving the experience of the tourist. Conclusion Tourism is one of the most economic activities in many countries that contribute a lot to the domestic growth. Tourist sites should be remodelled and refurbished to suit the needs and wants of the tourist. Tourist experiences should be clearly be understand to enable efficient deliverance of service and products to them based on their preference. Reference Crag, M. (1997) Picturing Practices: research through the tourist gaze. Progress in the Human Geography, 21 (3), 359-373. Douglas, J.D. (1976) Investigate Social Research: Individual and team Field Research. London. Mejlving, M. and K. Halskov (1996) The Internet has grown from the nerds (in Danish only), Jyllands. Poster. April1. Smith, A Test of Plogs Allocentric/Psychocentric Model. S. C. Plog, A Carpenters Tools: An Answer to Stephen L.J. Smiths Review of Psychocentrism/ Allocentrism, Journal of Travel Research 29, no. 2 (1990): 43-45. S. L. J. Smith, Another Look at the Carpenters Tools: A Reply to Plog, Journal of Travel Research 29, no. 2 (1990): 50-51. Plog, Why Destination Areas Rise and Fall in Popularity: An Update

Children in Mediation - 582 Words

Should children be involved in mediation? What is the role of children in a divorce case? Should they come to court? Should they participate in mediation? When I began practicing law in 1987, it was not unusual for parents to bring their children to court, unprepared, to testify. Due to the harm that the children experienced, our committee that passed the first Rules of Procedure for Family Law Cases included a rule that limited children’s involvement in court proceedings. Is mediation different? Should children be included in mediation when the question of child custody is raised? While it may sometimes be beneficial to include some children in the mediation process, inclusion may raise concerns about the safety and wellbeing of the child and about the confidentiality of the proceeding. The Minnesota Alternative Dispute Resolution Collaborative Project developed guidelines for what they refer to as Child Inclusive Mediation. In this model, the process includes both a mediator and a professional to support the child. The guidelines focus on several factors: All participants agree to child inclusive mediation. The child desires to participate and be heard. The child is mature enough to understand that he or she does not make the decision The child is willing to help the parents in making a decision. Child Inclusive Mediation begins with a referral to the process, screening, and meetings with the mediator, the child specialist and the child and parents, andShow MoreRelatedChildren s Academic Achievement, And The Mediation Role Of Self Regulated Learning850 Words   |  4 PagesThe present study aimed to investigate parental involvement as a possible mechanism linking children s academic achievement, and the mediation role of self-regulated learning. In line with earlier findings, the results of this study showed parental involvement is positively linked to children s academic achievement. 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Marketing 4 Ps Free Essays

string(41) " formulation of competitive strategies \." â€Å"A STUDY ON ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS† AT RAHUL MOTORS A project report submitted to SRM University, In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of The degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINSTARTIONS Submitted by AMIT PRASAD (3511110732) Under the guidance of Mr. G. VENUGOPALAN (Assistant Professor) SRM SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT SRM UNIVERSITY KATTANKULATHUR CAMPUS KANCHEEPURAM-03 MAY2012-JULY2012 DECLARATION I AMIT PRASAD do declare that the research report entitled â€Å" A STUDY ON ORGANISATIONAL FUNCTIONS from RAHUL MOTORS in HOOGHLY (WEST BENGAL)† submitted to the SRM UNIVERSITY for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master Of Business Administration is my own endeavor and it has not been submitted earlier to any institution / university for any degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing 4 Ps or any similar topic only for you Order Now PLACE: Chennai Date: signature of the candidate AMIT PRASAD REG NO: 3511110732 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is a matter of great satisfaction and pleasure to present This Report of RAHUL MOTORS [west Bengal]. I take this Opportunity to Owe my thanks to all those involved in my Training. This project report could not have been completed without the Guidance of our director of the company, Avijit Roy and project Venugopalan . Their timely help encouragement helped me To complete this project successfully. I express my gratitude towards staff of RAHULMOTORS those Who have helped me directly or indirectly in completing the Training. AMIT PRASAD PREFACE When everybody is providing what is expected Fro m him/ he r, the pe rson de livering the U n e x p e c t e d to its customers succeeds in the long run. In Today’s marketplace, it is no longer enough to satisfy the Customers, the manufacturer needs to delight them as well. To Conquer the modern business world one needs to be one-step ahead of its competitors. MBA is combination of both theoretical as well as practical aspects of business and summer training gives a good opportunity to work in a real work environment. This Project report is the result of 8 weeks training at â€Å"RAHUL MOTORS†. It has given me a great exposure and I have found practical work very different from theoretical ones. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I had an opportunity to take my summer interns project â€Å"RAHUL MOTORS† Hooghly West Bengal. During the project I had a privilege being guided by MR. Avijit Roy, director of The company. The mother business of the company is to buy and Sell auctions Vehicles in the market. The company was setup in 2000 and newly five more companies have been established During the Last years . The tittle of my project was â€Å"a study of organization function†. The objective of choosing these topic was learn how the Work is done in an organization. With great hard work I have tried to show in report how work are being done in the organization . I hope this report will not become the just another academic document but will in all practically prove to be a use full tool for giving direction to the RAHUL MOTORS, which is the earnest call from the depth of my heart. AMIT PRASAD RAHUL MOTORS SECRETS OF SUCCESS There are hundreds of business books and number of journals And magazines published every year on successful business Operation. However, in nutshell, it can be distilled in 8 major Secret which are as follows. ? 1st secret is that successful companies are not in business solely for the money. â€Å"Henry Ford† remarked that a company which only makes money is no sort of company at all. Strong culture, faster than other, friendly and goal oriented. ? Try to understand the customers, what customers actually wants that are understand by the company not vague idea, need aspiration and behavior. ? T he y k n o w w h a t i s i mp o rt a n t a n d t h is i s re fl e c t e d i n t h e i r impulsion of their employees. ? Su ccessful companies are persistent and p o w e r f u l communicator. People keep information and bright idea to themselves or communicate with a select few. ? Not a secret at all keep faith in simple practice and principles is the presence of the chosen few. Leader in sense overall activities he control ability and skill. ? Make profit but make customer delight. RAHUL MOTORS BELIEVES IN ? The fact that ‘change ‘is a way of life. ? Absolute market orientation for a quick and positive response to the customer’s needs. ? An uncompromising commitment to a flexible, professional and personalized service from within a stimulating result oriented environment. ? Timely delivery with consistent standards. ? Response approach to the benefits of RD and the modern technology. ? Having faith in individual potential and respect for human values. ? Being a esponsible corporate citizen with due respect to the laws of the land and its environment. ? Product to be the best available quality for premium market segments. ? These underline the corporate philosophy, which has shaped RAHUL MOTORS OF YESTERDAY and RAHUL MOTORS OF TODAY. Products to be of the best available quality for premium market segment through TQM an d zero defect implem entation. For achieving in all functional areas, encouraging innovations for constant improvement of the product and service. Having faith in your skill and ability. Always encourage and motivate your group. Believe in loyalty. RAHUL MOTORS CULTURE AND ASPECTS ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Professionalism System Approach Commitment To Quality Excellence With Economy Cost Consciousness Human Resource Regarded As Valuable Asset Emphasis On Teaching and Development Preference To Human Value Management By Participation Open Door Policy In Sharing Ideas And Suggestions Group Synergy Emphasis on effective communication and coordination Managerial strength and acceptance to change Cordial Environment Customer Focus Honor And Reward ? ORGANISATION STRUCTURE BOARD OF DIRECTOR S CHAIRMAN/ MANAGING DIRTECTOR VICE PRESIDENT MANAGER STAFF SUB STAFF FIG (1. 0) REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF MARKETING In the sequence of strategic analysis and decision, â€Å"marketing mix† falls after various external and internal environmental analysis such as SWOT analysis and even formulation of competitive strategies . You read "Marketing 4 Ps" in category "Essay examples" marketing mix is an interpretive concept in modern marketing and academically it is referred to as the set of controllable tools that the firm blend to produce the responses it wants in the target market. So, it consists of everything that the firm can do to influence the demand for their product. t is important to release that marketing mix of any company have can have one major functions that is strategic communication of the organization with the customers. It was further argued that marketing mix provides multiple paths can be achieved in written form or through communication (advertising and selling etc) or many more symbolic forms. However the key element is that the main aspects of marketing mix that will be discussed below â€Å"should not be seen as individual entities but as the set of Interrelated entities which has to be set in conjunction with one another. Main aspects of marketing mix The earliest way to know marketing is through more famous synonym â€Å"4p’s of marketing† the classification of first marketing mix was first introduce and suggested by mccarthy and includes marketing strategies product, price, place promotions . the following diagram is useful in determing the 4p’s in marketing mix. ? PRODUCT In simpler terms product consists of all features and combination of goods that the company offers to its customers . LAZER argued that the most important aspects for main two reasons. The very first is the product are the expressions for the company determining the link with the customers. so the product policy and strategy are the prime importance to an enterprise. Secondly, it is imperative to realize that the product of any company is a both component and determinant of marketing mix as it Hs a great influence in other marketing mix. So, without a proper policy a company cannot pursue for the further element of marketing mix. ? PRICE Pricing is basically a setting of price for a product or service Offered. n simplest way kotler have describe price that an amount of money paid by the customers for a product. Generally pricing strategy has been divided into two parts price determination and price administration. Pricing determination refers to as the process and activities employed to arrive at a price for a product within the same line and differences in price for a similar product. On the other hand price price for a similar product. On the other hand price adm inistration refers to the activities in fitting basic price to a particular sales situations such as local , function performed by the customers or special sales situations. PLACES Places under marketing mix compromises all company activities that make the product to the targeted customers . based on the various factors such as sales, communication , contractual considerations various ways of making product available. On a general note while planning a placement under marketing mix strategy company follow six different strategy for the placement some of the strategy are choosing single or multiple distribution channels, the type of intermediaries to use on quality and reputations. ? PROMOTIONS Promotional strategy include all through which a company communicates the benefits and values of its product. The best way of understating these p is through the concept of the marketing communication process. The actual message is the advertisement or sales presentations the destinations of potential customers. CONCLUSION At last I can conclude that the company have reached the Maturity level in the market and the proper strategies and ideas Can reach the goal which the company wants to achieve. The Utilization of resource and manpower can also achieve benefits For the growth of the company. The organization function of the company is a important part of Any organization. RAHUL MOTORS have a very planned functions that are played in the company. RECOMMENDATION ? The company should have its own website, as it helps to locate more customers. ? The location of the corporate office should be changed to the heart of the city. ? The company should make a investments on proper advertisements to capture major part of markets. ? The customers should be always be acknowledged about the new product of the company. BUSINESS ASSOCIATES OF THE COMPANY As the company is rising day by day the companies have Collaborated with differentleading companies who are the Business leaders in the market of west Bengal. The associates Are generally banks and Insurance company who does the Businesswith RAHUL GROUP of companies. The associates of the company are helping RAHUL MOTORS in different ways by providing funds to the Company. The company presently going to collaborate with more companies , now presently companies is working with some of the leading of the companies are as follows- ? MAGMA FINCORP LTD ? CITICORP FINANCE INDIA LTD ? RELIGARE FINVEST LTD ? TATA CAPITAL LTD ? RELIGARE CAPITAL LTD ? KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD ? INDUSIND BANK LTD ? NEW INDIA ASSURANCECOMPANY LTD ? BAJAJ ALLIANZ GENENAL INSURANCE COMPANY LTD ? ICICI LOMBARD GENERAL INSURANCE CO. LTD MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY RAHUL MOTORS -15% OTHERS- 85% Market Share Rahul Motor Others FIG-2. 0 GROWTH OF THE COMPANY 6 5 4 Axis Title 3 Growth 2 1 0 2008 2009 2010 Axis Title 2011 2012 FIG-3. 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 56 lac 70 lac 01 cr 02 cr 05 cr (TARGET) GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Urban, 12% Semi-Urban, 48% Rural, 40% FIG-4. 0 COMPTEITIORS OF THE COMPANY A company when gets into business, they need tackle many things . the most important problem company need to face is that, the competitors need to be careful with their ideas and strategy. As in the case of RAHUL MOTORS the company need to face many competitors . RM have their different strategy for the against company . During the past years the company have growned many opponents in their business . some of the major competitors of RAHUL MOTORS are as follows- LAXMI MOTORS AMIT MOTORS DILIP SAHA COMPANY These are some of the major opponents of the company. FIVE YEAR PLAN OF THE COMPANY On the basis of the company progress reports and with the help of the past records, company has planned to grow the company and become the major player in the market. The company have different ideas and plan for their new and existing product. The company is planning to grow their field in finance sector that is the company have an idea to get into the loan business. For an example the bank provides loan on the basis of the needs of Customers. Some of the major plans of the companies which are as follows- They are going start a new venture which would provide funds to the customers against gold, which is a new form funding system for the customers , which is also known as gold loan. ? Next plan of the company is to make the company a private Limited company which would help the company to grew Faster in the market . These are some of the above plans of the company . the most Important step the compan y is going to take in the future is that, The company is going to grow their business with their own funds which means own funding for the company, which is the crucial step the company is going to take for their future business. GEOGRAPHICAL AREA The geographical shows the optimum areas of business of the Company. The Data provided by the company was significant for me to analyze the areas where the company has more Percentage of Customersandless. In others words, we can say that the company the company’s market capture in West Bengal. A graphical presentation have showed that how the company has captured the market. Some of the areas of the company areas are as follows- ? Semi-urban areas : 48% ? Rural areas : 40% ? Urban areas: 12 % These are some of the areas where the company have capture the market GROWTH OF THE COMPANY During the last 5 years , the company have shown positive Growth without having any decline in any of the business. In 2008 the net investment was around 56 lakhs and now in 2012 the company have invested around 5 corers. The total investments shows the progress of the company. The net total investments was taken of last 5year to obtained a Graphical (fig-2. 0) representation regarding the growth of the company. HUMAN RESOURCE POLICY OF THE COMPANY The RAHUL GROUP Human Resource department plays a very Significant and important role to keep the link between the Employees and management. The company have strict and Convenient policy for the employee’s . the company’s Management always showed their employees that they are the Assets of the companies and the employees also feel homely Environment in the offices . some of the companies HR policy Which are as follows, ? LEAVE POLICY †¢ The employee can take 12 leaves in a year subject to approval of the authority. Before taking any leave, employee has to apply for leave at least three days prior for one/two leave and for long leave apply minimum ten days. If anybody is found taken leave without approval, his/her leave will be treated as LOP (Loss of pay). Six leaves can be enchased after completing the year. Its includes medical/illness. However, special medical cases will be taken into consideration. Employee can take half day leave for his personal work. ? ATTENDANCE POLICY †¢ Employee has to be present within 10. 30 a. m. and sign the Attendance register book immediately. After 10. 30 nobody wi ll be given permission to sign thereof and the employee will be marked as â€Å"Late† for this day. †¢ Leave related record will be taken from the register book. If any employee does not sign for specific day and demand after some days that this is person was present on that day. His/her demand will be strictly rejected. †¢ If any employee is found late for three days in a month, one leave will taken from his/her leave account. †¢ If anybody has face any problem or have any urgent work in the morning, he/she come late for that day but subject to approval of the authority. He/she has to inform for that matter. Without information his/her attendance will be marked as late. If anybody is found present all working day within 10. 30 a. m. and leave office 7. 00 p. m. , he/she will be will be rewarded for his/her punctuality and dedication for the work. PERFORMANCE APPRAISALS The performance review is done bi-yearly in the organization The promotions in the organization are usually governed by the following factors: †¢ How well an employee performed in his / her present job. †¢ How much potential an employee has for future responsibilities. †¢ How much additional knowledge he / she have acquired for further advancement. †¢ Personal att ribute, work habits, attitude towards self and others, ability to get along with the team, leadership qualities, personal contribution to the success of the company determines his / her competence for promotion. Feedback given by all those who work with the employee such as his / her superiors, subordinates, peers and the customers. ? EMPLOYEES RECREATIONS Birthdays and parties are organized for the employees on Specific day and month . Arrangement are done by the Companies HR. The main motive of these parties in the Company is to change the environment of work to Something different the parties includes all the employees Including directors of the company. On the other hand Picnic is also organized every year for the companies Employees which is an compulsory event organized by HR Team of the company. MARKET RESEARCH Market research often refers to either primary or secondary Research. Secondary research involves a company using Information compiled from various sources which is about new or existing product. Primary research involves qualitative research and quantative research as well as field taste and observations conducted for tailored specifically to that product. Primary research which is also called field research or original research is useful for finding information’s and getting customers views and feedback. During the survey for my report I visited many of the customers who are the new and also the exiting customers. While communicating with them I analyzed that Rahul motors always try to ststisfy their customers in any circumstances , for an example the company provide easy monthly installments {EMI} for the vehicles . As the current scenarios of the market I observed in the west Bengal is that, the customers don’t want invest on the new Vehicles as because the interest rate and the subsidy on the Vehicles are very high. So they are going for the used vehicles. Here the Rahul motor is playing a great role towards the Customers by financing the vehicles at low interest rate and Good offers. Rahul motors always segmented their customers in Different categories which makes the easy to deal with the Customers. The company can provide the product what the Customers for his/her use. Market research resulted that the Company have generated the maturity stage in the market and it seems the decline stage would not come for these company . MARKET SHARE OF THE COMPANY The total market share of the company is about 15% throughout West Bengal, which is being assumed by the company. After Analyzing the company annual report it has shown progress During the last years. Therefore the company has targeted more Profits in the coming year for the development. From the data provided by the company. A graphical (1. o) diagram Has been obtained and which made easy to make an Analysis of the total market share. MISSION OF THE COMPANY Every company has wish and goal which they always want to Fulfill. RAHUL GROUP OF COMPANIES have some target And also dreams which they want to achieve during the past Years some of the target of the company is as follows- ? The very first dream of the company is to get the no. position in the market. ? They want to spread their business in the different states of India. ? As they are expanding their business they are going to recruit employees for their companies. OBJECTIVE This study is done in keeping following objectives in view: ? To find out the present status of the automobile industries in India. ? To study the market research of automobile industries. ? To study the distribution and the marketing strategy adopt by the automotive industries. OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY Established in 2000and was started by Roy family . It is a family Owned business , The Shareholders of the company are the Family members, ? Ranjit Roy ? Avijit Roy ? Indrajeet Roy They are the directors of the company . The mother business of The company is to buy the vehicles from the auctions ,For an Example they buy those vehicles whose installments cannot be Paid by the customers and generally the vehicles are taken by The insurance company or the vehicles which customers want To Sell they buy those cars also, For these work they have 100+ Employees all over west Bengal and their target is to recruit to more Than 500+ employees for the company within 2 years. They started with one company and within {2000}now they have groups of company which are as follows, ? RAHUL MOTORS Nature of business is to buy and sell auctions vehicles in the market, they generally sell the commercial vehicle like trucks. ? TANVI PARKING The actual motive of these company is to provide parking place to the private vehicles. ? RITISHA MOTOR GARAGE The garage provides all kinds of repairs to the customers vehicles by using the proper manpower and engineers for the vehicles . ? RAHUL MOTOR FINANCE This company is one of the oldest non-banking and financial services organizations in West Bengal. Through a globalize network linked by advance technology, including a rapidly growing e-commerce capability, Rahul Motors provides a comprehensive financial starting financing old and new vehicles. ? RAHUL RELCON PVT. LTD This is a new organization of RAHUL GROUP of companies. Rahul relcon is a construction company who builds apartments and flat for the customers. As it new company in the group, It need to face many competitors in the market. PRODUCT OF THE COMPANY A tangible object or intangible services that is mass produced or manufactured on a large scale with specific units. The product of Rahul motors is a tangible object as their product is the commercial vehicles for example car and trucks. They actually deal in the old and used vehicles for their business. The company does the hard job to get the vehicles . their main out sourcing is to get the vehicles from the auctions and the also the scraps vehicles, which they refurnished it once again and after that they get back to the customers. PRICE OF THE COMPANY The price is the amount a customer for the product. It is Determined by a number of factor including market share , Competitions, material cost etc. he business may increase or Decrease the price of product if other stores have the same Product. In the case of Rahul motors the price is the main factor for them they always provide the vehicles in a reasonable rate and even they provide financing options for the customers. Rahul motors always give their customers value for money and the company also help the customers several ways like free service and many more. PROMOTIONS OF THE COMPANY Promotions represent all of the communications that a marketer may use in the market place. Promotions has four distinct element which are as follows- ? ? ? ? Advertising Public relations Word of mouth Point of sale Rahul motors always follow all above the policy. The company does not invest in any advertisement as because it can make extra investments on the company . the main outsourcing of the company is the employees who communicates with the customers who are willing to buy and sale their vehicles. These system help the company to get directly to the customers. PLACE OF THE COMPANY Place represents the locations where a product can be Purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the internet. The company generally deal in the Commercial vehicles so they have targeted the semi urban Areas of the state where they find maximum number of Customers for their product. REVIEW IN LITERATURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE Every business unit needs human resource (manpower) for the conduct of different business activities. In fact, no organisation can exist or operate efficiently without the support of human resource. Such human resource includes top level managers, executives, supervisors and other subordinate / lower level staff / employees. A business organisation has to estimate its future manpower needs and adjust its manpower planning and development programmes accordingly. This is called ‘staffing’ function of management. Human resource management is also described as personnel management or manpower management. According to Edwin Flippo, â€Å"Personnel Management is the planning, organizing , directing and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration and maintenance of people for the purpose of contributing to organizational, individual and social goals†. Various areas such as recruitment and selection, wage payment and industrial l relations are covered under human resource management. Human Resource Development Human Resource Development (HRD) means to develop available manpower through suitable methods such as training, promotions, transfers and opportunities for career development. HRD programmes create a team of welltrained, efficient and capable managers and subordinates. Such team constitutes an important asset of an enterprise. One organisation is different from another mainly because of the people (employees) working therein. According to Peter F . Druker, â€Å"the prosperity, if not the survival of any business depends on the performance of its managers of tomorrow. † The human resource should be nurtured and used for the benefit of the organisation. Human resource is most important resource in management and needs to be used efficiently. This is because success, stability and growth of an organisation depend on its ability in acquiring, utilizing and developing the human resources for the benefit of the organisation. In the final analysis, it is the people (i. e employees) who produce promising results and generate a climate conductive to the growth and development of an organisation. HR is a highly productive corporate asset and the overall performance of companies and corporations depends upon the extent to which it is effectively developed and utilised. It is the most delicate factor of production and need not be treated merely as a commodity to be bought and used in factories. According to Peter Drucker, â€Å"The function of management is to manage managers, workers and work†. The importance of manpower in business management is now universally accepted. Employees have a capacity to grow and develop, if suitable opportunities are offered. They give positive response to monetary and nonmonetary incentives, training opportunities, favorable work environment and motivation. According to Pigors and Myers, â€Å"Good management means getting effective results with people†. This suggests the importance of human resource. Human resource is certainly important even in this age of extensive use of computer technology. This is because machine cannot be used as a substitute for human brain which has capacity to think, assess and react. It is correct to say that man is a power rather than man has a power. Progressive / professional managements invest huge funds on training and development of human resource and this suggests the importance of human resource and its contribution in industrial and economic development. Professionally managed companies in India such as Larsen and Toubro Ltd, TELCO, Reliance, etc. , give specia l importance and good attention to HRD. CHAPTER 1 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CHAPTER 2 MARKETING MIX BIBLIOGRAPHY ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by Philip kotler ? MARKETING MANAGEMENT by pondicherry university WEBSITES ? www. google. com ? www. scribd. com ? www. wikepedia. co. in How to cite Marketing 4 Ps, Essay examples

President and congress

The past years has seen a gradual increase in presidential powers leading to an imperial presidency. This increase can be attributed to a number of historical events in the country. During national crises like Civil War and the Great Depression it is important that the president show good leadership; a leadership that keeps the country united despite the crisis while at the same time ensuring that the crisis is successfully resolved.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on President and congress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More If the president succeeds in dealing with the crisis effectively, he will command a great respect among the citizens hence increasing his presidential powers. Secondly, many people would respect leaders who initiate sound policies. During tenure as the occupant of the House on the Hill, President Franklin Roosevelt commanded a great respect among the Americans when he showed leadership in leg islation as the New Deal policy originated from the executive branch under his direction. This was also the case in the presidency of Johnson who initiated the Great Society policy. Such show of leadership in formulation of major legislation led to the increase in the presidential powers. One of the reasons why President Clinton was powerful presidents is because of the many executive orders he issued during his reign. Such executive order as the Emancipation Proclamation was popular with the people thereby increasing the president’s powers. The ability of the president to run a country with sound trade policies that ensure economic growth is a major factor in boosting the image of the president. Good public image comes with increased powers thus the conclusion of such trade agreements as the Reciprocal Trade Agreements and reduction of tariff on foreign goods saw an upsurge in presidential powers. This led to creation of an imperial president. Moreover, being the Commander-i n-Chief of the Armed Forces, the president must show good leadership especially during war. Successful execution of this duty will without doubt lead to an increase of powers of the president. Many presidents of the United States of America earned local and international respect and thus an increase in their powers by their activism both at the local and international stage. Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt saw an upsurge in their presidential powers due to their presidential activism in national and world affairs. Presidents who are seen by the public as strong and able usually command a popular admiration and consequently increased powers. This was the case for presidents such as Clinton and Franklin Roosevelt who became powerful due to popular admiration for being strong and able. Many presidents also saw their powers as president increase due to their strong and popular foreign policies. This is because these foreign policies affect the lives of the American people both directly and indirectly. Thus the successful of such policies would lead to admiration both locally and internationally. The resulting good reputation leads to presidential powers increase.Advertising Looking for assessment on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The budget of any country is a very sensitive issue since it has a direct bearing on the living standards of the citizens. Thus any president who sets the right agenda as the budget maker would definitely command great respect and as such, become very powerful (Dye 96). These factors may lead to an imperial president however there are checks and balances that ensure the president only enjoy the constitutional powers only. Such checks and balances exercised by the Judiciary, the Congress, media and public, friends and family and self control. The Congress being the predominant branch of the government always reasserts its powers over the presi dent ensuring that imperialism does not set in due to the increasing presidential powers. Through congressional hearings, the Congress is able to increase public awareness and opposition to various national and international issues. This may force the president to review its policies and stand concerning such issues as seen during the congressional hearings on the Vietnam War which put pressure on President Johnson and Nixon to withdraw from the war through negotiations. As the Congress reasserts its powers, imperialism in the presidency is checked. This it does by conducting investigations such as the Watergate investigation against President Nixon, the Iran-Contra investigation against President Reagan and the White Water investigation against President Clinton (Smith, Jason and Ryan 50 – 111). Moreover, it also reasserts its powers by making their stand known to the president on any matter through Congressional debates. The Congress may also propose constitutional amendmen ts and thus redefine presidential powers such as limiting the terms of office of the president. The Congress can also limit the presidential powers by passing a resolution not to commit American troops into combat abroad. In addition, the Congress may also declare war thereby allowing the president to exercise emergency powers such as prohibiting strikes and lockouts. The Congress has the power to tax and to spend and thus controls the president spending too (Dye 97 – 98). The Congress also accompanies the president and participates in international conferences as American delegates thereby shaping the outcomes of such conferences. Moreover the Congress also, by repassing the bill in the same session by a two-thirds majority vote in each house, override presidential veto. The presidential powers are also limited by the Congress since it must approve all the judicial appointments as the president must consult the Congress. The Congress also has the power to impeach the preside nt as seen in the case of presidents Nixon and Clinton (Smith, Jason and Ryan 120 – 191). The media and public opinion also prevent imperialism. The president should also have control and also listen to the counsel of family and friends. If these groups fail in any case, the Judiciary then takes up the matter and limit presidential powers to prevent imperialism.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on President and congress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Dye, Thomas. Politics In America, (8th ed.). New York: Pearson/Ph, 2009. Smith, Steven, Jason, Roberts and Ryan, Vander Wielen. The American Congress (5th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. This assessment on President and congress was written and submitted by user Drag0nL0rd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.